Impact of influenza on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: pathophysiology, exacerbations, and preventive approaches.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly during respiratory infections such as influenza. The interaction between COPD and influenza is multifaceted, involving compromised immune responses, chronic inflammation, and impaired lung function. Influenza infection can exacerbate COPD, leading to acute exacerbations, hospitalizations, and higher mortality. This review examines the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the exacerbation of COPD by influenza, evaluates its impact on patient outcomes, and explores the role of comorbidities in shaping disease severity. We also assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing severe outcomes and discuss strategies to improve vaccination uptake among COPD patients. Current evidence highlights the importance of tailored prevention and management approaches, as well as the need for further research into biomarkers and optimal therapeutic strategies to mitigate the burden of influenza on COPD populations.