天然麝香（麝香）和人工麝香的化学成分和药理学活性：综述。
Chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of natural musk (Moschus) and artificial musk: A review.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University, NO. 3 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
出版信息
J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Feb 10;284:114799. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114799. Epub 2021 Nov 6.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Natural musk (Moschus), derived naturally from male musk deer (Moschus berezovskii Flerov, Moschus sifanicus Przewalski, or Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus), has long been an important component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and was used as resuscitation, blood circulation, and collateral drainage. detumescence and pain relief. Artificial musk was researched and applied into TCM as natural musk being as unsustainable resources.
AIM OF THE STUDY
We mainly summarized chemical compositions, pharmacological activities and mechanism of action of natural and artificial musk, and designed to serve as a foundation for further research into musk chemical compositions and pharmacological effect.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Those mainstream scientific databases including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, CNKI, Wiley Online Library, web of science, were used for searching with below "Keywords", as well as literature-tracking. Literatures spanned 1962 to 2021, and involved into Chinese, English, Janpanese, Korean.
RESULTS
Natural musk contains some very desirable but scarce compounds, as well as their biological features, which led to the development of artificial musk. The chemical ingredients, pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of action of natural and artificial musk are summarized and compared in this paper. Polypeptide and protein, muscone, musclide, steroids, muscopyridine, and other chemical constituents of musk demonstrated important therapeutic properties against inflammation, immune system disorders, neurological disorders, cardiovascular system disorders, and so on. The mechanism of action contributed to effect on mediators, acceptors and relative signal pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
Natural and artificial musk were revealed having some activated compounds, and showed excellent pharmacological effect. Meantime, above two sides of natural and artificial musk ought to get further research.
民族药理学相关性
天然麝香（麝香），天然来源于雄性麝香鹿（Moschus berezovskii Flerov、Moschus sifanicus Przewalski 或 Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus），长期以来一直是中药（TCM）的重要组成部分，被用作复苏、血液循环和侧支引流。消肿止痛。人工麝香作为天然麝香不可持续资源的替代品，被研究并应用于 TCM。
研究目的
我们主要总结了天然麝香和人工麝香的化学成分、药理活性和作用机制，旨在为麝香化学成分和药理作用的进一步研究提供基础。
材料和方法
使用 Google Scholar、ScienceDirect、SpringerLink、CNKI、Wiley Online Library、web of science 等主流科学数据库，并使用以下“关键词”进行搜索，以及文献追踪。文献跨度为 1962 年至 2021 年，涉及中文、英文、日语、韩语。
结果
天然麝香含有一些非常理想但稀缺的化合物，以及它们的生物学特征，这导致了人工麝香的发展。本文总结并比较了天然麝香和人工麝香的化学成分、药理活性和作用机制。麝香中的多肽和蛋白质、麝香酮、麝香甙、甾体、麝香吡啶等化学成分对炎症、免疫系统紊乱、神经系统紊乱、心血管系统紊乱等具有重要的治疗作用。作用机制有助于对介质、受体和相关信号通路的影响。
结论
天然麝香和人工麝香都具有一些激活的化合物，表现出优异的药理作用。同时，天然麝香和人工麝香的这两个方面都应该得到进一步的研究。
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