Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Microbiol Res. 2022 Jan;254:126914. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126914. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Potassium fulvic acid (BSFA) and potassium humate (KHM), as organic fertilizers, can improve soil structure, increase soil nutrient levels and prevent plant diseases. However, knowledge is limited regarding how BSFA and KHM influence soil microbial communities and the interrelationships between community members associated with Panax ginseng. Soil pH and nutrient content increased significantly as a result of the addition of BSFA and KHM. The pH, NH-N, NO-N, AP and AK increased by 1.72 %-5.55 %, 70.09 %-108.39 %, 35.38 %-216.20 %, 1.21 %-14.19 % and 3.40 %-5.94 %, respectively, in the BSFA and KHM treatments. The soil nutrient increase may be related to Micrococcaceae and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The structure of the microbial community also changed radically from that of the control group, and Chloroflexi (2.69 %-3.15 %), Actinobacteria (4.33 %-7.53 %) and Acidobacteria (9.44 %-11.62 %) were the dominant microorganisms at the phylum level in bacteria. In contrast, the dominant fungi at the phylum level were Ascomycota (77.39 %-78.08 %), Glomeromycota (0.36 %-2.68), Olpidiomycota (0.02 %-3.78 %) and Basidiomycota (0.80 %-1.17 %). Fusarium oxysporum and Ascomycota were biomarkers for BSFA and KHM, which may be related to pathogenic bacteria. Network analysis revealed that the association among members of the soil microbial community was more positive than negative following application of KHM, and more positive (62.5 %) than negative (37.5 %) correlations were observed between bacteria, whereas the fungal community exhibited more positive (97.3 %) than negative (2.7 %) correlations. PICRUST predicted the microbial function of adding KHM and BSFA to the soil, and these pathways mainly belong to the degradation and metabolism of organic matter, saprophytic organisms and plant pathogens. In summary, our study demonstrated that the addition of BSFA and KHM increased the nutrients in the ginseng soil and reshaped the microbial function in soils, providing a theoretical foundation for soil improvement and biological control of ginseng diseases. However, due to the limitations of greenhouse cultivation, additional long-term experiments on farmland with different climate changes are recommended.
腐植酸钾（BSFA）和腐植酸（KHM）作为有机肥料，可以改善土壤结构，增加土壤养分水平，预防植物病害。然而，关于 BSFA 和 KHM 如何影响人参土壤微生物群落以及与人参相关的群落成员之间的相互关系，我们的了解还很有限。BSFA 和 KHM 的添加显著提高了土壤的 pH 值和养分含量。BSFA 和 KHM 处理的土壤 pH 值、NH-N、NO-N、AP 和 AK 分别增加了 1.72%-5.55%、70.09%-108.39%、35.38%-216.20%、1.21%-14.19%和 3.40%-5.94%。土壤养分的增加可能与 Micrococcaceae 和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）有关。微生物群落的结构也与对照组发生了根本性的变化，在细菌门水平上，优势微生物为 Chloroflexi（2.69%-3.15%）、Actinobacteria（4.33%-7.53%）和 Acidobacteria（9.44%-11.62%）。而在真菌门水平上，优势真菌为 Ascomycota（77.39%-78.08%）、Glomeromycota（0.36%-2.68%）、Olpidiomycota（0.02%-3.78%）和 Basidiomycota（0.80%-1.17%）。尖孢镰刀菌和子囊菌是 BSFA 和 KHM 的生物标志物，可能与病原菌有关。网络分析表明，施用 KHM 后，土壤微生物群落成员之间的关联更为积极（62.5%），而负面关联（37.5%）则更为消极。与真菌群落相比，细菌的正相关（97.3%）多于负相关（2.7%）。PICRUST 预测了添加 KHM 和 BSFA 对土壤微生物功能的影响，这些途径主要属于有机物的降解和代谢、腐生生物和植物病原体。综上所述，我们的研究表明，BSFA 和 KHM 的添加增加了人参土壤的养分，并重塑了土壤中的微生物功能，为土壤改良和人参病害的生物防治提供了理论基础。然而，由于温室栽培的局限性，建议在不同气候变化的农田中进行额外的长期实验。
