Yang Shaoxuan, Yu Yihuan, Gao Xinjin, Zhang Zhengping, Wang Feng
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 Nov 29;50(23):12985-13011. doi: 10.1039/d0cs01605e.
Applications of phthalocyanines (Pcs) in electrocatalysis-including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)-have attracted considerable attention recently. Pcs and their derivatives are more attractive than many other macrocycles as electrocatalysts since, although they are structurally related to natural porphyrin complexes, they offer the advantages of low cost, facile synthesis and good chemical stability. Moreover, their high tailorability and structural diversity mean Pcs have great potential for application in electrochemical devices. Here we review the structure and composition of Pcs, methods of synthesis of Pcs and their analogues, as well as applications of Pc-based heterogeneous electrocatalysts. Optimization strategies for Pc-based materials for electrocatalysis of ORR, CORR, OER and HER are proposed, based on the mechanisms of the different electrochemical reactions. We also discuss the structure/composition-catalytic activity relationships for different Pc materials and Pc-based electrocatalysts in order to identify future practical applications. Finally, future opportunities and challenges in the use of molecular Pcs and Pc derivatives as electrocatalysts are discussed.
酞菁（Pcs）在电催化中的应用——包括氧还原反应（ORR）、二氧化碳还原反应（CORR）、析氧反应（OER）和析氢反应（HER）——近年来引起了相当大的关注。与许多其他大环化合物相比，Pcs及其衍生物作为电催化剂更具吸引力，因为尽管它们在结构上与天然卟啉配合物相关，但它们具有成本低、合成简便和化学稳定性好的优点。此外，它们的高度可定制性和结构多样性意味着Pcs在电化学装置中具有巨大的应用潜力。在此，我们综述了Pcs的结构和组成、Pcs及其类似物的合成方法，以及基于Pc的非均相电催化剂的应用。基于不同电化学反应的机理，提出了用于ORR、CORR、OER和HER电催化的基于Pc的材料的优化策略。我们还讨论了不同Pc材料和基于Pc的电催化剂的结构/组成-催化活性关系，以确定未来的实际应用。最后，讨论了使用分子Pcs和Pc衍生物作为电催化剂的未来机遇和挑战。
