Shu Wen-Sheng, Huang Li-Nan
School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022 Apr;20(4):219-235. doi: 10.1038/s41579-021-00648-y. Epub 2021 Nov 9.
A wide array of microorganisms, including many novel, phylogenetically deeply rooted taxa, survive and thrive in extreme environments. These unique and reduced-complexity ecosystems offer a tremendous opportunity for studying the structure, function and evolution of natural microbial communities. Marker gene surveys have resolved patterns and ecological drivers of these extremophile assemblages, revealing a vast uncultured microbial diversity and the often predominance of archaea in the most extreme conditions. New omics studies have uncovered linkages between community function and environmental variables, and have enabled discovery and genomic characterization of major new lineages that substantially expand microbial diversity and change the structure of the tree of life. These efforts have significantly advanced our understanding of the diversity, ecology and evolution of microorganisms populating Earth's extreme environments, and have facilitated the exploration of microbiota and processes in more complex ecosystems.
包括许多新的、系统发育上根深蒂固的分类群在内的各种各样的微生物，在极端环境中生存并茁壮成长。这些独特且复杂性降低的生态系统为研究自然微生物群落的结构、功能和进化提供了巨大的机会。标记基因调查解析了这些嗜极生物组合的模式和生态驱动因素，揭示了大量未培养的微生物多样性以及在最极端条件下古菌通常占主导地位的情况。新的组学研究揭示了群落功能与环境变量之间的联系，并使得发现和对主要新谱系进行基因组表征成为可能，这些新谱系极大地扩展了微生物多样性并改变了生命之树的结构。这些努力显著推进了我们对栖息于地球极端环境中的微生物的多样性、生态学和进化的理解，并促进了对更复杂生态系统中的微生物群和过程的探索。
