Yasin Jemal, Ayalew Getnet, Dagnaw Mulat, Shiferaw Getachew, Mekonnen Feleke
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Infect Drug Resist. 2021 Nov 2;14:4567-4580. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S337205. eCollection 2021.
Genital tract infections are posing a series of public health challenges for women in both developed and developing countries. Microbial infections of the vagina can lead to serious medical complications such as preterm labor, amniotic fluid infection, premature rupture of the fetal membranes, and low birth weight of the neonate, leading to high perinatal morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia, limited information is found on the burden, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and associated factors for aerobic vaginitis. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the burden of AV, antimicrobial susceptibility profile of aerobic bacterial isolates and associated factors among women attending Gondar town health facilities, northwest Ethiopia.
A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 214 study participants from February 1 to May 31, 2019. For all consecutive women, demographic variables were collected using a structured questionnaire and two vaginal swabs for each were collected. The diagnosis of AV and BV was based on the composite score of Donders and Nugent criteria, respectively. All bacteria were isolated and characterized by conventional culture techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was performed using the disc diffusion technique. Logistic regression, univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out. A p-value ≤ 0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant.
The overall prevalence of vulvovaginitis among women was 50%. The identified aetiologies of vulvovaginitis were bacterial vaginosis (35.5%), candidiasis (23.8%), aerobic vaginitis (22.9%) and trichomoniasis (3.3%). Aerobic bacteria, especially and , were predominantly isolated in the vaginal samples. The prevalence of the multidrug resistance rate was 38.98%. The isolated Gram positive bacteria were sensitive to antibiotics like vancomycin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and gentamicin, whereas the Gram negative bacteria isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and meropenem.
The high burden of bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis was reported. Therefore, regular screening of women using microbiological diagnosis should be promoted. The common bacteria isolated were and . Additionally, antibiotics like vancomycin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin, and meropenem were shown to have good action against the majority of bacteria isolates.
生殖道感染给发达国家和发展中国家的女性都带来了一系列公共卫生挑战。阴道微生物感染可导致严重的医学并发症，如早产、羊水感染、胎膜早破和新生儿低体重，从而导致高围产期发病率和死亡率。在埃塞俄比亚，关于需氧菌性阴道炎的负担、抗菌药物敏感性概况及相关因素的信息有限。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔镇医疗机构就诊女性中需氧菌性阴道炎的负担、需氧菌分离株的抗菌药物敏感性概况及相关因素。
2019年2月1日至5月31日，对214名研究参与者进行了一项基于医疗机构的横断面研究。对于所有连续就诊的女性，使用结构化问卷收集人口统计学变量，并为每人采集两份阴道拭子。需氧菌性阴道炎和细菌性阴道病的诊断分别基于Donders和Nugent标准的综合评分。所有细菌均采用传统培养技术进行分离和鉴定。采用纸片扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感性检测。进行了逻辑回归、单因素和多因素分析。95%置信区间下p值≤0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
女性外阴阴道炎的总体患病率为50%。已确定的外阴阴道炎病因是细菌性阴道病（35.5%）、念珠菌病（23.8%）、需氧菌性阴道炎（22.9%）和滴虫病（3.3%）。需氧菌，尤其是[未提及具体细菌名称]和[未提及具体细菌名称]，在阴道样本中占主导地位。多重耐药率为38.98%。分离出的革兰氏阳性菌对万古霉素、头孢西丁、环丙沙星、克林霉素和庆大霉素等抗生素敏感，而革兰氏阴性菌分离株对环丙沙星、庆大霉素和美罗培南敏感。
报告了细菌性阴道病和需氧菌性阴道炎的高负担情况。因此，应促进使用微生物学诊断对女性进行定期筛查。分离出的常见细菌是[未提及具体细菌名称]和[未提及具体细菌名称]。此外，万古霉素、头孢西丁、环丙沙星、克林霉素、庆大霉素和美罗培南等抗生素对大多数细菌分离株显示出良好的抗菌作用。
