Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Mar;291(Pt 1):132672. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132672. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
The application of nanotechnology in agriculture includes the use of nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nanoherbicides that enhance plant nutrition without disturbing the soil texture and protect it against microbial infections. Thus, nanotechnology maintains the plant's health by maintaining its soil health. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture reduces the chemical spread and nutrient loss and boosts crop yield and productivity. Effect of NPs varies with their applied concentrations, physiochemical properties, and plant species. Various NPs have an impact on the plant to increase biomass productivity, germination rate and their physiology. Also, NPs change the plant molecular mechanisms by altering gene expression. Metal and non-metal oxides of NPs (Au, Ag, ZnO, FeO, TiO, SiO, AlO, Se, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots) exert an important role in plant growth and development and perform an essential role in stress amelioration. On the other hand, other effects of NPs have also been well investigated by observing their role in growth suppression and inhibition of chlorophyll and photosynthetic efficiency. In this review, we addressed a description of studies that have been made to understand the effects of various kind of NPs, their translocation and interaction with the plants. Also, the phytoremediation approaches of contaminated soil with combined use of NPs for sustainable agriculture is covered.
纳米技术在农业中的应用包括使用纳米肥料、纳米农药和纳米除草剂，这些物质可以在不破坏土壤质地的情况下增强植物的营养，并保护其免受微生物感染。因此，纳米技术通过保持土壤健康来维持植物的健康。在农业中使用纳米颗粒（NPs）可以减少化学物质的扩散和养分的流失，提高作物的产量和生产力。NPs 的效果因应用浓度、物理化学性质和植物种类而异。各种 NPs 对植物的影响不同，它们可以提高生物量生产力、发芽率及其生理学特性。此外，NPs 通过改变基因表达来改变植物的分子机制。NPs 的金属和非金属氧化物（Au、Ag、ZnO、FeO、TiO、SiO、AlO、Se、碳纳米管、量子点）在植物的生长和发育中发挥着重要作用，并在缓解胁迫方面发挥着重要作用。另一方面，通过观察它们对生长抑制、叶绿素抑制和光合作用效率的抑制作用，也对 NPs 的其他作用进行了很好的研究。在这篇综述中，我们描述了已经进行的研究，以了解各种类型的 NPs 的影响、它们的迁移以及与植物的相互作用。此外，还涵盖了结合使用 NPs 对受污染土壤进行植物修复的可持续农业方法。
