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痔切除术后疼痛的阴部神经阻滞:一项前瞻性、单盲随机对照试验。

Pudendal Nerve Block for Posthemorrhoidectomy Pain: A Prospective, Single-Blinded Randomized Control Trial.

作者信息

Steen Christopher J, Lam David, Chandra Raaj, Chua Jonathan Y J, An Vinna, Keck James O

机构信息

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia.

Monash University, Eastern Clinical School, Victoria, Australia.

出版信息

Dis Colon Rectum. 2022 Apr 1;65(4):546-551. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002293.

DOI:10.1097/DCR.0000000000002293
PMID:34759239
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Postoperative pain is common in hemorrhoidectomy patients. Local anesthetic given either as an intraoperative pudendal nerve block or as a local wound infiltration may help alleviate postoperative pain.

OBJECTIVES

This study sought to determine whether the addition of an intraoperative pudendal nerve block to a perianal local wound infiltration and standardized analgesia regimen was superior to a perianal local wound infiltration and standardized analgesia regimen alone in reducing early postoperative pain following hemorrhoidectomy. The secondary objective was to measure differences between treatment groups in perceived perianal numbness, oral opioid requirements, and adverse events.

DESIGN

This study was a prospective, single-blinded randomized controlled trial approved by the Eastern Health Human Research and Ethics Committee in Melbourne, Australia (registration number: E09/2014).

SETTINGS

Patients were recruited across 3 Australian hospitals.

PATIENTS

Eighty patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids requiring hemorrhoidectomy in colorectal surgical outpatient clinics were successfully recruited and enrolled in the study, with 1 patient later dropping out.

INTERVENTION

Patients were randomly assigned to either the pudendal nerve block group or a control group. The pudendal nerve block group received 5 mL bupivacaine 0.5% with adrenaline 1:200,000 to both pudendal nerve trunks bilaterally. Both groups received 10 mL of the same local anesthetic injected into the post-hemorrhoidectomy wound bed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Visual analogue scales were used to record patient pain scores. Dichotomous (yes/no) answers were recorded for secondary objectives.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences in postoperative pain between groups at 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours. Additionally, there were no significant differences between groups with respect to perceived perianal numbness, oral opioid usage or adverse events.

LIMITATIONS

The authors recognize that without a nerve stimulator, an argument can be made that the pudendal nerve block was not actually achieved.

CONCLUSION

Pudendal nerve block does not appear to demonstrate additional benefit in post-hemorrhoidectomy pain reduction beyond local anesthetic to the wound. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B780.

BLOQUEO DEL NERVIO PUDENDO PARA EL DOLOR POSHEMORROIDECTOMA ESTUDIO PROSPECTIVO, ALEATORIO, CONTROLADO, CIEGO: ANTECEDENTES:El dolor posoperatorio es común en pacientes luego de una hemorroidectomía. La administración de anestésico local como bloqueo del nervio pudendo intraoperatorio o infiltración local de la herida puede ayudar a aliviar el dolor posoperatorio.OBJETIVOS:Determinar si agregar un bloqueo intraoperatorio del nervio pudendo a una infiltración local perianal de la herida y un régimen de analgesia estandarizado fue superior a una infiltración local perianal de la herida más un régimen de analgesia estandarizado para reducir el dolor posoperatorio precoz después de una hemorroidectomía. Los objetivos secundarios incluyeron sensación de adormecimiento perianal, requerimientos de opioides orales y eventos adversos informados.DISEÑO:Este estudio fue un ensayo controlado aleatorio, prospectivo, ciego, aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación en Humanos de Eastern Health en Melbourne, Australia (número de registro: E09 / 2014).ESCENARIO:Los pacientes fueron reclutados en tres hospitales australianos.PACIENTES:Ochenta pacientes se inscribieron con éxito en el estudio, y más tarde un paciente abandonó.INTERVENCIÓN:Los pacientes fueron asignados al azar al grupo de bloqueo del nervio pudendo o al grupo control. El grupo de bloqueo del nervio pudendo recibió 5 ml de bupivacaína al 0,5% con adrenalina 1: 200.000 en ambos troncos del nervio pudendo bilateralmente. Ambos grupos recibieron 10 ml del mismo anestésico local inyectado en el lecho de la herida posterior a la hemorroidectomía.PRINCIPALES VARIABLES ANALIZADAS:Se utilizaron escalas analógicas visuales para registrar las puntuaciones de dolor del paciente. Se registraron respuestas dicotómicas (sí / no) para los objetivos secundarios.RESULTADOS:No hubo diferencias significativas en el dolor posoperatorio entre los grupos a las 4, 8, 12 o 24 horas. Además, no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos con respecto al adromecimiento perianal percibido, el uso de opioides orales o los eventos adversos.LIMITACIONES:Sin el uso de un estimulador nervioso, se puede argumentar que el bloqueo del nervio pudendo no se logró realmente.CONCLUSIÓNES:El bloqueo del nervio pudendo no parece demostrar un beneficio adicional en la reducción del dolor posterior a la hemorroidectomía más allá del anestésico local en la herida. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B780.

摘要

背景

痔切除术患者术后疼痛很常见。术中给予阴部神经阻滞或局部伤口浸润麻醉可能有助于减轻术后疼痛。

目的

本研究旨在确定在痔切除术后早期疼痛的减轻方面,在肛周局部伤口浸润和标准化镇痛方案基础上增加术中阴部神经阻滞是否优于单纯的肛周局部伤口浸润和标准化镇痛方案。次要目的是测量治疗组在肛周麻木感、口服阿片类药物需求和不良事件方面的差异。

设计

本研究是一项前瞻性、单盲随机对照试验,已获得澳大利亚墨尔本东部健康人类研究与伦理委员会批准(注册号:E09/2014)。

地点

在澳大利亚3家医院招募患者。

患者

80例在结直肠外科门诊因症状性痔疮需要进行痔切除术的患者成功入选并纳入研究,1例患者随后退出。

干预措施

患者被随机分配至阴部神经阻滞组或对照组。阴部神经阻滞组双侧阴部神经干均接受5ml 0.5%布比卡因加1:200,000肾上腺素。两组均在痔切除术后伤口床注射10ml相同的局部麻醉剂。

主要观察指标

使用视觉模拟量表记录患者疼痛评分。对次要目的记录二分法(是/否)答案。

结果

两组在术后4小时、8小时、12小时或24小时的疼痛无显著差异。此外,两组在肛周麻木感、口服阿片类药物使用或不良事件方面也无显著差异。

局限性

作者认识到,在没有神经刺激器的情况下,可以认为实际上并未实现阴部神经阻滞。

结论

阴部神经阻滞在痔切除术后减轻疼痛方面似乎并未显示出比伤口局部麻醉更多的益处。见http://links.lww.com/DCR/B780的视频摘要。

痔切除术后疼痛的阴部神经阻滞

前瞻性、随机、对照、盲法研究:背景:术后疼痛在痔切除术后患者中很常见。局部麻醉作为术中阴部神经阻滞或伤口局部浸润可能有助于减轻术后疼痛。目的:确定在痔切除术后早期疼痛的减轻方面,在肛周局部伤口浸润和标准化镇痛方案基础上增加术中阴部神经阻滞是否优于单纯的肛周局部伤口浸润和标准化镇痛方案。次要目的包括肛周麻木感、口服阿片类药物需求和报告的不良事件。设计:本研究是一项前瞻性、随机、对照、盲法试验,已获得澳大利亚墨尔本东部健康人类研究与伦理委员会批准(注册号:E09 / 2014)。背景:在澳大利亚三家医院招募患者。患者:80名患者成功入选本研究,后来一名患者退出。干预措施:患者被随机分配至阴部神经阻滞组或对照组。阴部神经阻滞组双侧阴部神经干均接受5ml 0.5%布比卡因加1:200,000肾上腺素。两组均在痔切除术后伤口床注射10ml相同的局部麻醉剂。主要分析变量:使用视觉模拟量表记录患者疼痛评分。对次要目的记录二分法(是/否)答案。结果:两组在术后4、8、12或24小时的疼痛无显著差异。此外,两组在感知的肛周麻木、口服阿片类药物使用或不良事件方面也无显著差异。局限性:在没有神经刺激器的情况下,可以认为阴部神经阻滞并未真正实现。结论:阴部神经阻滞在痔切除术后疼痛减轻方面似乎并未显示出比伤口局部麻醉更多的益处。见http://links.lww.com/DCR/B780的视频摘要。

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