Voyiatzaki Chrysa, Orovas Christos, Trapali Maria, Chaniotis Dimitrios I, Kriebardis Anastasios G, Beloukas Apostolos, Thalassinos Nikolaos D, Orovou Eirini, Iatrakis Georgios, Antoniou Evangelia
University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece.
Acta Inform Med. 2021 Sep;29(3):216-223. doi: 10.5455/aim.2021.29.216-223.
Infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a common infection in animals and humans worldwide. This infection can occur after ingestion of water or food contaminated with cat oocytes, ingestion of tissue cysts in mammalian and avian meat and congenitally. The prenatal infection can lead to Congenital Toxoplasmosis with miscarriage or stillbirth. After infection, laboratory tests are positive within 2-3 weeks and remain positive throughout life. However, testing for Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy is necessary in some countries, while in others it is not a mandatory "screening" test.
The aim of this study was to review systematically the screening of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy in different countries worldwide.
Cohorts, retrospective and cross-sectional studies were incorporated in our review, finally including 11 articles from an initial pool of 1532 related papers.
The seroprevalence of pregnant women varies from countries with low prevalence to regions with high prevalence and screening policies also differ. Most countries worldwide have control policies, while Germany and Mexico that do not have systematic screening for Toxoplasma during the prenatal period.
Our results show that Congenital Toxoplasmosis is very rare in some countries and it is very difficult to find a balance between potential risk and benefit of a screening program. For this reason, some countries are limited to prenatal counseling to reduce CT. In addition, the reduction of major sources of contamination especially in developing countries is the most important prevention measure.
感染寄生虫弓形虫在全球范围内的动物和人类中都很常见。这种感染可在摄入被猫卵母细胞污染的水或食物、摄入哺乳动物和禽肉中的组织包囊后发生，也可通过先天性感染。产前感染可导致先天性弓形虫病，出现流产或死产。感染后，实验室检测在2至3周内呈阳性，并终生保持阳性。然而，在一些国家，孕期进行弓形虫感染检测是必要的，而在其他国家，这并非强制性的“筛查”检测。
本研究的目的是系统回顾全球不同国家孕期弓形虫病的筛查情况。
我们的综述纳入了队列研究、回顾性研究和横断面研究，最终从1532篇相关论文的初始库中选取了11篇文章。
孕妇的血清阳性率因国家患病率低至高而有所不同，筛查政策也存在差异。全球大多数国家都有防控政策，而德国和墨西哥在孕期没有对弓形虫进行系统筛查。
我们的结果表明，先天性弓形虫病在一些国家非常罕见，而且在筛查项目的潜在风险和益处之间很难找到平衡。因此，一些国家仅限于进行产前咨询以减少先天性弓形虫病的发生。此外，减少主要污染源，尤其是在发展中国家，是最重要的预防措施。
