Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep 25;28(2):87-92. doi: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_511_20. eCollection 2021 Apr-Jun.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, and its prevalence may also be on the increase in Nigeria. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the burden and pattern of presentation of AMD in a developing country.
We conducted a multicenter, prospective study from January to December 2018. Biodata and history of systemic disease were obtained from consecutive patients presenting at four collaborating retina clinics and diagnosed with a retina disease after dilated fundus examination and ocular investigations such as fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. All eyes diagnosed to have wet and dry AMD were used for the study analysis.
Out of 8614 patients, 156 eyes of 78 patients were diagnosed with AMD. The hospital-based prevalence for AMD was 0.91%. The mean age at presentation was 67.9 ± 9.2 years, ranging from 44 to 95 years. A majority (75.6%) of patients were between 60 and 79 years, 53.8% were females. Thirty-two eyes (20.5%) had wet AMD, while 124 eyes (79.5%) had dry AMD. Sixty-one eyes (39.1%) had moderate visual impairment (<6/18-6/60); 58 eyes (37.2%) had normal vision (6/18 and better); while 27 eyes (17.3%) were blind, and ten eyes (6.4%) had severe visual impairment.
AMD contributes to the burden of visual impairment and blindness in the elderly Nigerian. In Nigeria, AMD occurs more in females and most common between the ages of 60 and 79. Dry AMD is four times more common than wet AMD. About 24% of eyes have severe visual impairment or blindness, while about a third each have a moderate visual impairment and normal vision. Increasing awareness of AMD among the at-risk population will be beneficial in achieving early diagnosis and treatment.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是全球导致视力损害的主要原因，其患病率在尼日利亚也可能呈上升趋势。本研究旨在确定 AMD 在发展中国家的负担和表现模式。
我们于 2018 年 1 月至 12 月进行了一项多中心、前瞻性研究。从四个合作的视网膜诊所连续就诊并在散瞳眼底检查以及眼底照相、荧光素血管造影和光学相干断层扫描等眼部检查后诊断为视网膜疾病的患者中获得了生物数据和系统疾病史。所有被诊断为湿性和干性 AMD 的眼睛均用于研究分析。
在 8614 名患者中，有 78 名患者的 156 只眼被诊断为 AMD。AMD 的医院患病率为 0.91%。就诊时的平均年龄为 67.9±9.2 岁，年龄范围为 44 至 95 岁。大多数（75.6%）患者年龄在 60 至 79 岁之间，女性占 53.8%。32 只眼（20.5%）为湿性 AMD，124 只眼（79.5%）为干性 AMD。61 只眼（39.1%）有中度视力障碍（<6/18-6/60）；58 只眼（37.2%）视力正常（6/18 及以上）；27 只眼（17.3%）失明，10 只眼（6.4%）视力严重受损。
AMD 导致尼日利亚老年人群视力损害和失明的负担加重。在尼日利亚，AMD 更多见于女性，最常见于 60 至 79 岁之间。干性 AMD 是湿性 AMD 的四倍。约 24%的眼睛有严重视力损害或失明，而各有三分之一的眼睛有中度视力损害和正常视力。提高高危人群对 AMD 的认识将有利于实现早期诊断和治疗。
