Bayoumi R A, Saha N
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1987 Jul;73(3):379-88. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330730308.
Two hundred eighty subjects comprising 112 Nuba and 168 Hawazma of the Sudan were tested for the distribution of hemoglobins, eight red cell enzymes, and four serum proteins. The Nuba, the indigenous negroid tribe, had no HbS, HbO-Arab, or GdB(Khartoum) compared to the Hawazma tribe of Negro-Arab descent. The gene frequencies of the above polymorphic systems in the latter were as follows: HbS, 0.13; HbO-Arab, 0.01; GdB(Khartoum), 0.03. The frequency of GdA was higher in the Hawazma than in the Nuba. A high frequency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and HpO was present in both the tribes. Essentially similar gene frequencies of Hp1, TfD, PGDC, pC, and PGM1 were observed in both Nuba and Hawazma. The average heterozygosity at five polymorphic loci was the same (0.23) in both the tribes. The above results agree with the social practice whereby people of mixed Hawazma and Nuba descent are considered members of the Hawazma tribe and confirm that racial admixture between the two groups can be seen as a process of gene flow from the Nuba to the Hawazma, even though the Nuba are the indigenous group, while the Hawazma are the new settlers.
对苏丹的280名受试者进行了检测，其中包括112名努巴人（Nuba）和168名哈瓦兹马人（Hawazma），检测项目包括血红蛋白、八种红细胞酶和四种血清蛋白的分布情况。与具有阿拉伯 - 黑人血统的哈瓦兹马部落相比，努巴这个本土黑人部落没有发现血红蛋白S（HbS）、阿拉伯血红蛋白O（HbO - Arab）或喀土穆血红蛋白GdB（GdB(Khartoum)）。上述多态系统在哈瓦兹马部落中的基因频率如下：HbS为0.13；HbO - Arab为0.01；GdB(Khartoum)为0.03。哈瓦兹马部落中GdA的频率高于努巴部落。两个部落中葡萄糖6 - 磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）缺乏症和触珠蛋白HpO的频率都很高。在努巴人和哈瓦兹马人中观察到触珠蛋白Hp1、转铁蛋白TfD、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶PGDC、碳酸酐酶pC和磷酸葡萄糖异构酶PGM1的基因频率基本相似。两个部落中五个多态位点的平均杂合度相同（均为0.23）。上述结果与社会实践相符，即哈瓦兹马和努巴混血后裔被视为哈瓦兹马部落的成员，这证实了两个群体之间的种族混合可被视为一个从努巴向哈瓦兹马的基因流动过程，尽管努巴是本土群体，而哈瓦兹马是新移民群体。
