Faisal Alharby Hesham
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Nov;28(11):6133-6144. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.062. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
Salinity is a major global problem that threatens the agricultural sector, especially in areas that suffer from a shortage of water. It motivates ionic toxicity, osmotic and oxidative stresses, which greatly inhibits plant performances and crop productivites. However, micronutrients (MNs) or plant extracts, like germinated maize grain extract (gMGE), have been reported to minimize the effects of salt stress on plant growth and returns. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the influences of MNs or gMGE applied as foliar sprays on growth, physio-biochemical indices, and antioxidative system components in three genotypes of tomato plants stressed by 9 dS m NaCl. This salinity level markedly increased Na content, lipid peroxidation, ion leakage, and markers related to oxidative stress (superoxide; O and hydrogen peroxide; HO). Besides, marked increases in activities of enzymatic (especially different forms of superoxide dismutase; SODs) and non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmoprotectant compounds were also observed. In contrast, growth, photosynthetic capacity including hill reaction activity (HRA), K/Na ratio, tissue cell integrity (e.g., cell water content and membrane stability), and K and MNs contents decreased significantly under stress. However, compared to MNs, gMGE significantly improved the activities of the antioxidative system components (particularly SODs) and osmoprotectants, which were reflected in reduced Na accumulation, lipid peroxidation, ion leakage, and oxidative stress. These results were coupled with remarkable elevations in photosynthetic capacity including HRA, K/Na ratio, tissue cell integrity, K content, and MNs contents, all of which were reflected in the enhancement of plant growth. Compared to local tomato cultivars (e.g., Castle Rock and C10), the wild line "0043-1" had better results. The interaction of three factors; salt stress, promoters, and tomato genotypes was significant. The wild tomato line "0043-1" as the best salt-tolerant is a good candidate for implication in breeding programs for tolerance to salinity to produce salt-tolerant cultivars for use to maximize tomato growth and productivity in saline environments.
盐度是一个全球性的重大问题，威胁着农业部门，尤其是在缺水地区。它会引发离子毒性、渗透胁迫和氧化胁迫，极大地抑制植物生长和作物产量。然而，据报道，微量营养素（MNs）或植物提取物，如发芽玉米籽粒提取物（gMGE），可将盐胁迫对植物生长和产量的影响降至最低。因此，本研究旨在评估叶面喷施MNs或gMGE对三种基因型番茄植株生长、生理生化指标和抗氧化系统成分的影响，这些番茄植株受到9 dS m NaCl胁迫。这种盐度水平显著增加了钠含量、脂质过氧化、离子渗漏以及与氧化胁迫相关的标志物（超氧化物；O 和过氧化氢；HO）。此外，还观察到酶促抗氧化剂（特别是不同形式的超氧化物歧化酶；SODs）、非酶促抗氧化剂和渗透保护化合物的活性显著增加。相反，在胁迫下，生长、光合能力（包括希尔反应活性；HRA）、钾/钠比、组织细胞完整性（如细胞含水量和膜稳定性）以及钾和MNs含量显著下降。然而，与MNs相比，gMGE显著提高了抗氧化系统成分（特别是SODs）和渗透保护剂的活性，这表现为钠积累、脂质过氧化、离子渗漏和氧化胁迫的降低。这些结果伴随着光合能力（包括HRA）、钾/钠比、组织细胞完整性、钾含量和MNs含量的显著提高，所有这些都反映在植物生长的增强上。与当地番茄品种（如Castle Rock和C10）相比，野生品系“0043 - 1”表现更好。盐胁迫、促进剂和番茄基因型这三个因素的相互作用显著。作为最佳耐盐品种的野生番茄品系“0043 - 1”是参与耐盐性育种计划的良好候选品种，用于培育耐盐品种，以在盐碱环境中最大限度地提高番茄生长和产量。
