Assessing the effect of human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell secretome on human oral, breast, and melanoma cancer cell lines.

BACKGROUND

The secretome of the dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPMSCS-S) have an array of regenerative potential and could aid in the rehabilitation of cancer patients post-therapeutic interventions, although caution is required as DPMSC-S have shown to augment prostate cancer cells. Thus, it is vital to assess if these pro-carcinogenic effects extend to other cancer types.

OBJECTIVE

To assess if DPMSC-S has any pro-carcinogenic effect on oral cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma cell lines.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Conditioned media obtained from the isolated and characterized DPMSC (DPMSC-CM) were profiled using bead-based multiplex assay. AW13515 (oral cancer), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), and A-375 (melanoma) cell lines were exposed to 20%, 50%, and 100% DPMSC-CM for 24, 48, and 72 h. DPMSC-CM effect on the cancer cell properties and secretome were assessed.

RESULTS

DPMSC-CM augmented invasion, adhesion, multi-drug resistance, DNA repair, and mitochondrial repair in AW13516 through upregulation of growth factors Ang-2, EGF, M-CSF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-2, downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1, and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. In MDA-MB-231, invasion, and multi-drug resistance were augmented through upregulation of growth factors EGF, EPO, G-CSF, HGF, M-CSF, PDGF-AA, and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, CXCL10, IL-12p70. EMT, invasion, migration, and adhesion were augmented in A-375 through upregulation of growth factors Ang-2, EGF, PDGF-BB, TGF-α, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, and IL-17A.

CONCLUSION

DPMSC-CM can augment the carcinogenic properties of oral cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma cells, further animal model studies are required to validate our in-vitro findings.