Wang Zhen-Dong, Wang Yi-Meng, Li Kang, Shi Juan, Wang Feng-Yan
Institute of Moral Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097 China.
School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, No.122, Ninghai Road, Gulou Distinct, Nanjing, 210097 China.
Curr Psychol. 2022;41(11):8032-8043. doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-01226-w. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Wisdom views in different cultural contexts are closely connected with the corresponding culture's worldview. Some results are found by comparing the wisdom concepts in Chinese and Western cultures: Firstly, the early wisdom concepts, both in China and the West, contain the elements of intelligence and virtue. Whereas, from the Enlightenment to the Piagetian school, the western concept of wisdom has then shifted to the role of cognition and knowledge; By contrast, the traditional Chinese wisdom concept has been treating wisdom as a virtue. Modern Chinese and western wisdom psychologists are inclined to accept the wisdom meta-theory of "integration of intelligence and virtue". Secondly, both Chinese and the Western philosophy advocate using wisdom to solve real-life problems. Western thinkers focus on practical problems in the material world, i.e. reconciling conflicts between people and the world through understanding and changing the environment. However, Chinese philosophers focus on internal spiritual problems, i.e. improving the individual realm to solve the contradictions inside oneself. Thirdly, both China and the West highlight the comprehensive application of multiple thinking modes. While comparing with the west, which is excelled in using logical and analytical thinking modes and utilizing rational cognition, China is far better at using dialectical and holistic thinking modes and applying intuitive comprehension.
不同文化背景下的智慧观与相应文化的世界观紧密相连。通过比较中西方文化中的智慧概念，发现了一些结果：首先，中西方早期的智慧概念都包含智力和美德的元素。然而，从启蒙运动到皮亚杰学派，西方的智慧概念转向了认知和知识的作用；相比之下，中国传统的智慧概念一直将智慧视为一种美德。现代中西方智慧心理学家倾向于接受“智力与美德融合”的智慧元理论。其次，中西方哲学都主张用智慧解决现实生活中的问题。西方思想家关注物质世界中的实际问题，即通过理解和改变环境来调和人与世界之间的冲突。然而，中国哲学家关注内在精神问题，即通过提升个人境界来解决自身内部的矛盾。第三，中西方都强调多种思维方式的综合运用。与西方擅长运用逻辑和分析思维方式并利用理性认知相比，中国在运用辩证和整体思维方式以及应用直觉领悟方面更为出色。
