Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India, 781101.
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India, 781101.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(15):21642-21655. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17298-5. Epub 2021 Nov 12.
The presence of parabens and bisphenols in maternal products and usage during pregnancy have raised serious concern about their possible harm to pregnant women. The concentrations of six parabens and eight bisphenols were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the samples of commercially available herbal-based ayurvedic maternal products and urine of healthy pregnant women from Assam, India. Methyl paraben (MP) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were found to be more dominant in the maternal products, whereas MP, bisphenol A (BPA), and BPAF were dominant in urine samples of healthy pregnant women. The sum of the mean concentrations of all forms of parabens and bisphenols in maternal products were 48,308.50 ng/g and 542.42 ng/g, respectively, and urine 101.33 ng/mL and 23.42 ng/mL, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of total parabens and bisphenols in maternal products were 7378.02 and 19.78 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively. EDI of total parabens and bisphenols from urinary concentrations were 690.12 and 111.33 μg/kg body weight/day, respectively. The concentrations of butyl (BP) and heptyl (HP) parabens have a significant positive correlation with birth weight. The hazard quotient (HQ) value of MP, EP, and BPA was less than 1, and margin of exposure (MOE) identified potential risk associated with propyl paraben. Results from Monte-Carlo risk assessment analysis did not exceed the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Our results showed that higher concentrations of parabens and bisphenols are present in maternal products and the urine of healthy pregnant women. Hence maternal products containing bisphenols and parabens should be used cautiously during pregnancy to avoid maternal and fetal complications.
在孕产妇产品中存在的防腐剂和双酚类物质及其在孕期的使用引起了人们对其可能对孕妇造成危害的严重关注。本研究采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法，定量分析了印度阿萨姆邦市售草药基阿育吠陀孕产妇产品和健康孕妇尿液中的 6 种防腐剂和 8 种双酚类物质。结果显示，在孕产妇产品中，甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯（MP）和双酚 AF（BPAF）更为突出，而在健康孕妇尿液样本中，MP、双酚 A（BPA）和 BPAF 更为突出。孕产妇产品中所有形式的防腐剂和双酚类物质的平均浓度总和分别为 48308.50 ng/g 和 542.42 ng/g，尿液中的浓度总和分别为 101.33 ng/mL 和 23.42 ng/mL。孕产妇产品中总防腐剂和双酚类物质的估计日摄入量（EDI）分别为 7378.02 ng/kg 体重/天和 19.78 ng/kg 体重/天，尿液中的浓度分别为 690.12 ng/kg 体重/天和 111.33 ng/kg 体重/天。BP 和 HP 对羟基苯甲酸酯的浓度与出生体重呈显著正相关。MP、EP 和 BPA 的危害商值（HQ）均小于 1，丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯的暴露量倍数（MOE）则表明存在潜在风险。蒙特卡罗风险评估分析结果未超过可接受日摄入量（ADI）。研究结果表明，孕产妇产品和健康孕妇尿液中存在浓度较高的防腐剂和双酚类物质。因此，在孕期应谨慎使用含有双酚类物质和防腐剂的孕产妇产品，以避免母婴并发症。
