Jala Aishwarya, Varghese Bincy, Dutta Ratul, Adela Ramu, Borkar Roshan M
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jun;297:134028. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134028. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
Limited information is available about the levels of exposure of paraben and bisphenols emerging from personal care products (PCPs) use in Indian women and the risk associated with it. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the concentrations of six parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl, benzyl-, and heptyl-parabens) and 8 bisphenols (Bisphenol A, B, F, P, S, Z, AP, and AF) in PCPs samples (n = 114) obtained from Indian market and in the urine samples of young adult females (n = 52). The concentrations measured in PCPs and urine samples were used to determine the estimated daily intake. The mean concentrations of 6 parabens and 8 bisphenols in PCPs ranged from 38.3 to 2.38 × 10 ng/g and 2.71-148 ng/g, respectively. In urine samples analysed, the mean concentrations of 6 parabens and 8 bisphenols ranged from 0.007 to 293 ng/mL and 0.10-10.8 ng/mL, respectively. There was no significant correlation of EDCs with age, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), but significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between urinary paraben and bisphenol concentrations. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) exists between the BMI and WHR groups by bisphenol concentrations. Estimated daily intake and exposure risks for parabens and bisphenols revealed no possible concerns for Indian young adult females. Hitherto, this is the first study to show that Indian young adult females were exposed to parabens and bisphenols. This study provides evidence on PCPs usage contribute to the urinary concentrations of EDCs.
关于印度女性使用个人护理产品（PCPs）所接触的对羟基苯甲酸酯和双酚的水平及其相关风险，目前可用信息有限。在本研究中，采用液相色谱 - 串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测定了从印度市场获取的PCPs样品（n = 114）以及年轻成年女性尿液样品（n = 52）中六种对羟基苯甲酸酯（甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、苄基和庚基对羟基苯甲酸酯）和8种双酚（双酚A、B、F、P、S、Z、AP和AF）的浓度。测定的PCPs和尿液样品中的浓度用于确定估计每日摄入量。PCPs中6种对羟基苯甲酸酯和8种双酚的平均浓度分别为38.3至2.38×10 ng/g和2.71 - 148 ng/g。在分析的尿液样品中，6种对羟基苯甲酸酯和8种双酚的平均浓度分别为0.007至293 ng/mL和0.10 - 10.8 ng/mL。内分泌干扰物（EDCs）与年龄、体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）之间无显著相关性，但尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯和双酚浓度之间存在显著相关性（p < 0.05）。按双酚浓度，BMI和WHR组之间存在统计学显著差异（p < 0.05）。对羟基苯甲酸酯和双酚的估计每日摄入量和暴露风险表明，印度年轻成年女性不存在可能的担忧。迄今为止，这是第一项表明印度年轻成年女性接触对羟基苯甲酸酯和双酚的研究。本研究提供了证据，证明PCPs的使用会导致尿液中EDCs浓度升高。
