Salas Rogelio, Tijerina Alexandra, Cardona Mariana, Bouzas Cristina, Ramirez Erik, Martínez Gustavo, Garza Aurora, Pastor Rosario, Tur Josep A
Faculty of Public Health and Nutrition, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, NL, Mexico.
Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31110, CH, Mexico.
J Clin Med. 2021 Oct 20;10(21):4819. doi: 10.3390/jcm10214819.
The menopausal transition stage brings physiological changes associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which can affect bone mineral density (BMD), and may be more evident in the postmenopausal stage. The aim of this study was assessing the association between low BMD and MetS and its components among reproductive/menopausal transition and postmenopausal women in the northeast region of Mexico. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out (2015-2016) in 40-60-year-old women ( = 376) who were residents in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, in Nuevo Leon State, Mexico. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) evaluation of BMD of two anatomical sites (lumbar spine and dual femur), and a biochemical analysis were obtained. The prevalence of MetS was 57.2%. In participants without MetS, the prevalence of osteopenia was 27.3% in the lumbar spine and 18.6% in the dual femur, while in participants with MetS, the prevalence of osteopenia was 35.8% in the lumbar spine and 14.4% in the dual femur. Osteoporosis in participants without MetS was present in 6.8% in the lumbar spine and in 1.8% in the dual femur, while in women with MetS, its prevalence was 4.7% in the lumbar spine and 0.5% in the dual femur. An association between low BMD at the lumbar spine and dual femur and components of MetS diseases was identified in Mexican women as follows: waist circumference ≥ 88 cm showed an increase risk for low BMD at femoral site in both reproductive/menopausal transition (OR 7.638; 95% CI: 1.607-36.298; = 0.011) and postmenopausal women (OR 2.600; 95% CI: 1.023-6.609; = 0.045); HDL < 50 mg/dL was associated with low BMD in both the femur (OR 3.639; 95% CI: 1.039-12.743; = 0.043) and lumbar spine (OR 2.654; 95% CI: 1.092-6.447; = 0.031); hypertension in postmenopausal women increased the risk for low BMD in the femur (OR 2.634; 95% CI: 1.150-6.035; = 0.022). In conclusion, we found that components of the MetS were associated with low BMD, thus indicating that MetS increases the risk for developing osteopenia or osteoporosis. Furthermore, age was found to be an independent risk factor for low BMD.
围绝经期过渡阶段会带来与代谢综合征（MetS）发展相关的生理变化，这可能会影响骨矿物质密度（BMD），且在绝经后阶段可能更为明显。本研究的目的是评估墨西哥东北部地区生殖期/围绝经期过渡阶段及绝经后女性中低骨密度与代谢综合征及其组分之间的关联。于2015 - 2016年对墨西哥新莱昂州蒙特雷大都市区40 - 60岁的女性（n = 376）开展了一项描述性横断面研究。获取了人体测量数据、血压、两个解剖部位（腰椎和双侧股骨）的双能X线吸收法（DXA）骨密度评估结果以及生化分析结果。代谢综合征的患病率为57.2%。在无代谢综合征的参与者中，腰椎骨质减少的患病率为27.3%，双侧股骨为18.6%；而在有代谢综合征的参与者中，腰椎骨质减少的患病率为35.8%，双侧股骨为14.4%。无代谢综合征的参与者中，腰椎骨质疏松的患病率为6.8%，双侧股骨为1.8%；而在患有代谢综合征的女性中，其患病率腰椎为4.7%，双侧股骨为0.5%。在墨西哥女性中确定了腰椎和双侧股骨低骨密度与代谢综合征疾病组分之间存在关联，如下：腰围≥88 cm在生殖期/围绝经期过渡阶段（OR 7.638；95%CI：1.607 - 36.298；P = 0.011）和绝经后女性（OR 2.600；95%CI：1.023 - 6.609；P = 0.045）中均显示股骨部位低骨密度风险增加；高密度脂蛋白（HDL）<50 mg/dL与股骨（OR 3.639；95%CI：1.039 - 12.743；P = 0.043）和腰椎（OR 2.654；95%CI：1.092 - 6.447；P = 0.031）的低骨密度相关；绝经后女性的高血压增加了股骨低骨密度风险（OR 2.634；95%CI：1.150 - 6.035；P = 0.022）。总之，我们发现代谢综合征的组分与低骨密度相关，这表明代谢综合征增加了发生骨质减少或骨质疏松的风险。此外，年龄是低骨密度的一个独立危险因素。
