Mikkonen Jani, Leinonen Ville, Luomajoki Hannu, Kaski Diego, Kupari Saana, Tarvainen Mika, Selander Tuomas, Airaksinen Olavi
Private Practice, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Surgery (Incl. Physiatry), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
J Clin Med. 2021 Oct 23;10(21):4887. doi: 10.3390/jcm10214887.
Reciprocal relationships between chronic musculoskeletal pain and various sleep disturbances are well established. The Pain and Sleep Questionnaire three-item index (PSQ-3) is a concise, valid, and reliable patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that directly evaluates how sleep is affected by chronic low back pain (CLBP). Translation and cross-cultural validation of The Pain and Sleep Questionnaire three-item index Finnish version (PSQ-3-FI) were conducted according to established guidelines. The validation sample was 229 subjects, including 42 pain-free controls and 187 subjects with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Our aims were to evaluate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminative validity and, furthermore, to study the relationships between dizziness, postural control on a force plate, and objective sleep quality metrics and total PSQ-3-FI score. The PSQ-3-FI demonstrated good internal consistency, excellent test-retest reliability, and small measurement error. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed acceptable fit indices to a one-factor model. Convergent validity indicated fair to good correlation with pain history and well-established pain-related PROMs. The PSQ-3-FI total score successfully distinguished between the groups with no pain, single-site pain, and multisite pain. A higher prevalence of dizziness, more impaired postural control, and a general trend towards poorer sleep quality were observed among subjects with higher PSQ-3-FI scores. Postural control instability was more evident in eyes-open tests. The Finnish PSQ-3 translation was successfully cross-culturally adapted and validated. The PSQ-3-FI appears to be a valid and reliable PROM for the Finnish-speaking CLBP population. More widespread implementation of PSQ-3 would lead to better understanding of the direct effects of pain on sleep.
慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛与各种睡眠障碍之间的相互关系已得到充分证实。疼痛与睡眠问卷三项指标（PSQ - 3）是一种简洁、有效且可靠的患者报告结局测量工具（PROM），可直接评估慢性腰痛（CLBP）对睡眠的影响。根据既定指南对疼痛与睡眠问卷三项指标芬兰语版（PSQ - 3 - FI）进行了翻译和跨文化验证。验证样本包括229名受试者，其中42名无疼痛对照者和187名患有慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的受试者。我们的目的是评估内部一致性、重测信度、测量误差、结构效度、收敛效度和区分效度，此外，研究头晕、测力板上的姿势控制以及客观睡眠质量指标与PSQ - 3 - FI总分之间的关系。PSQ - 3 - FI显示出良好的内部一致性、出色的重测信度和较小的测量误差。验证性因素分析证实单因素模型的拟合指数可接受。收敛效度表明与疼痛病史以及成熟的疼痛相关PROM之间存在中等至良好的相关性。PSQ - 3 - FI总分成功区分了无疼痛组、单部位疼痛组和多部位疼痛组。在PSQ - 3 - FI得分较高的受试者中，头晕患病率更高、姿势控制受损更严重，且睡眠质量普遍较差。睁眼测试中姿势控制不稳定更为明显。芬兰语版PSQ - 3的翻译成功进行了跨文化改编和验证。PSQ - 3 - FI似乎是适用于讲芬兰语的CLBP人群的有效且可靠的PROM。更广泛地应用PSQ - 3将有助于更好地理解疼痛对睡眠的直接影响。
