Villavicencio Pamela, Bravo Cristina, Ibarz Antoni, Solé Silvia
Master Program Integrative Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2021 Oct 28;10(21):5013. doi: 10.3390/jcm10215013.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences.
14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for males and 21 ± 2 years for females. Day 1 consisted of test familiarization and baseline measurements. Day 2 included two test conditions, startle and fatigue, separated by 20 min. In the startle condition, participants had to lead climb a route, and a loud audio stimulus was presented near the top of the climb. In the fatigue condition, participants were required to climb as fast as they could until muscular failure. The competitive state anxiety inventory second review (CSAI-2R) questionnaire was used to assess somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. The four-square step test (FSST) was used to assess motor control, and cortisol levels were acquired via passive drool (PD).
Cortisol concentrations were highest in the pre-startle condition (1.72 μg/dL ± 0.66), and values decreased post-startle (1.67 μg/dL ± 0.74) and post-fatigue (1.42 μg/dL ± 0.72). However, cortisol concentrations increased post-startle in females (1.57 μg/dL ± 0.96). Somatic anxiety in males was significantly higher post-startle (16.36 ± 5.54) than pre-startle (14.23 ± 5.09). Females had significantly higher somatic anxiety post-startle (18.00 ± 8.76), and they had lower self-confidence levels (30.00 ± 5.89) than males.
There are differences in the way that males and females prepare and respond to stressful situations. Furthermore, time of day may have had a significant impact on cortisol concentrations.
本研究的目的是评估心理和生理应激源对室内攀岩者的影响，并确定性别差异。
14名中级攀岩者参与了该研究，其中男性10名，女性4名。男性的平均年龄为31±8岁，女性为21±2岁。第1天包括测试熟悉和基线测量。第2天包括两种测试条件，惊吓和疲劳，中间间隔20分钟。在惊吓条件下，参与者必须先锋攀爬一条路线，并且在攀爬接近顶部时会出现响亮的音频刺激。在疲劳条件下，参与者需要尽可能快地攀爬，直到肌肉疲劳。使用竞争状态焦虑量表第二版（CSAI-2R）问卷来评估躯体焦虑、认知焦虑和自信心。使用四方步测试（FSST）来评估运动控制，并通过被动流涎（PD）获取皮质醇水平。
皮质醇浓度在惊吓前条件下最高（1.72μg/dL±0.66），惊吓后（1.67μg/dL±0.74）和疲劳后（1.42μg/dL±0.72）的值下降。然而，女性在惊吓后皮质醇浓度增加（1.57μg/dL±0.96）。男性的躯体焦虑在惊吓后（16.36±5.54）显著高于惊吓前（14.23±5.09）。女性在惊吓后的躯体焦虑显著更高（18.00±8.76），并且她们的自信心水平（30.00±5.89）低于男性。
男性和女性在应对压力情况的准备和反应方式上存在差异。此外，一天中的时间可能对皮质醇浓度有显著影响。
