Nursing Research Group IDIVAL, Geriatric Nursing Research Group, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Cantabria, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 21;18(21):11067. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111067.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 preventive behaviors, as the dependent variable, with risk perception, coping style and sense of coherence, as independent variables, in older people living in the community.
An observational design for predictive model development. This study was reported following the STROBE statement. The subjects were people over 65 years of age living in the community. Data collection included sociodemographic variables related to COVID-19, risk perception and types, coping styles in the face of contagion, sense of coherence, and preventive behaviors in the face of COVID-19. The data collection period was from November 2020 to January 2021.
A total of 305 people participated in this study (71.5% women, mean age 71.34 years; 6.9% suffered from COVID-19 and 44.3% knew someone close to them who suffered from the virus). The coping style variables problem-focused, emotion-focused, and sense of coherence subscales Significance and manageability explained 17% of the variable preventive behaviors against COVID-19. There were statistically significant differences by gender in all subscales, with women scoring higher in all of them; Conclusions: Men with low risk perception, extrinsic risk perception, and low sense of coherence presented worse COVID-19 preventive behaviors. It would be interesting to develop specific prevention and health education campaigns for this population.
本研究旨在分析新冠防疫行为（因变量）与风险认知、应对方式和心理韧性（自变量）之间的关系，研究对象为社区中老年人。
本研究采用观察性设计，旨在构建预测模型。本研究按照 STROBE 声明进行报告。研究对象为居住在社区中的 65 岁以上老年人。数据收集包括与新冠相关的人口统计学变量、风险认知和类型、面对传染病的应对方式、心理韧性以及面对新冠的防疫行为。数据收集时间为 2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 1 月。
共有 305 人参与了本研究（71.5%为女性，平均年龄为 71.34 岁；6.9%的人曾感染过新冠，44.3%的人身边有人感染过新冠）。应对方式变量中的问题聚焦、情绪聚焦和心理韧性子量表的意义和可管理性解释了 17%的新冠防疫行为变量。所有子量表在性别上均存在统计学差异，女性在所有子量表上的得分均较高。
低风险感知、外在风险感知和低心理韧性的男性表现出较差的新冠防疫行为。针对这一人群开展特定的预防和健康教育活动将很有意义。
