Fatema Syadani Riyad, East Leah, Islam Md Shahidul, Usher Kim
School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
Department of Sociology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 21;18(21):11068. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111068.
(1) Background: Following natural disasters, women have a higher prevalence of adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Given that the South and Southeast Asia regions are highly disaster prone, a review was undertaken to identify the potential health impact and key risk factors affecting women after disasters in the countries located in South and Southeast Asia regions. (2) Methods: A systematic literature search of four databases yielded 16 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidance, between July 2008 and March 2021. (3) Results: The majority of studies reported women's negative/poor mental health, identifying a significant association of socio-demographics, during disaster exposure, post-disaster, and pre-existing risk factors. The six most-cited influences on women's mental health found in the reviewed literature were being female, adult age group, having no formal education, poverty or low economic status, poor physical health/physical injuries, and death of family members. Women's health during the post-disaster period was generally reported as poor among all the countries of the South and Southeast Asia regions. (4) Conclusions: Appropriate social support and the availability of free healthcare access for women are warranted in disaster-affected areas. This review offers a valuable contribution to the knowledge of women's health complications/challenges and associated risk factors related to disasters, essential for the development of strategies to help reduce this burden in the future. Further research is required on natural disasters to identify ways to reduce women's health impacts after natural disasters, especially in the context of low-income and lower-middle-income countries.
(1) 背景：自然灾害过后，女性出现不良身心健康结果的比例更高。鉴于南亚和东南亚地区极易遭受灾害，因此开展了一项综述，以确定南亚和东南亚地区各国灾害后影响女性的潜在健康影响和关键风险因素。(2) 方法：对四个数据库进行系统的文献检索，得出16项符合纳入标准的研究。该综述根据系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，于2008年7月至2021年3月进行。(3) 结果：大多数研究报告了女性的负面/不良心理健康状况，确定了社会人口统计学在灾害暴露期间、灾后以及既往风险因素之间的显著关联。在所审查的文献中发现的对女性心理健康影响最大的六个因素是女性性别、成年年龄组、未接受正规教育、贫困或经济地位低下、身体健康状况差/身体受伤以及家庭成员死亡。南亚和东南亚地区所有国家普遍报告称，灾后女性的健康状况较差。(4) 结论：在受灾地区，有必要为女性提供适当的社会支持并提供免费医疗服务。本综述为了解女性的健康并发症/挑战以及与灾害相关的风险因素提供了宝贵的贡献，这对于制定未来减轻这一负担的策略至关重要。需要进一步开展关于自然灾害的研究，以确定减少自然灾害后对女性健康影响的方法，特别是在低收入和中低收入国家的背景下。
