Vogt Pascale, Rüst Christoph Alexander, Rosemann Thomas, Lepers Romuald, Knechtle Beat
Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Springerplus. 2013 Nov 12;2:603. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-603. eCollection 2013.
This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions (i.e. World Cup races, European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games). Swimming speed and sex difference in swimming speed of the fastest and the top ten women and men per event competing at 10 km open-water races between 2008 and 2012 were analysed using single and multi-level regression analyses. A total of 2,591 swimmers (i.e. 1,120 women and 1,471 men) finished 47 races. Swimming speed of the fastest women (1.35 ± 0.9 m/s) and men (1.45 ± 0.10 m/s) showed no changes across years. The mean sex difference in swimming speed for the fastest swimmers was 6.8 ± 2.5%. Swimming speed of the top ten female swimmers per event was 1.34 ± 0.09 m/s and remained stable across the years. The top ten male swimmers per event showed a significant decrease in swimming speed over time, even though swimming speed in the first race (i.e. January 2008, 1.40 ± 0.0 m/s) was slower than the swimming speed in the last race (i.e. October 2012, 1.50 ± 0.0 m/s) (P < 0.05). To summarize, swimming performances remained stable for the fastest elite open-water swimmers at 10 km FINA competitions between 2008 and 2012, while performances of the top ten men tended to decrease. The sex difference in swimming speed in elite ultra-swimmers (~7%) appeared smaller compared to other ultra-distance disciplines such as running. Further studies should examine how body shape and physiology of elite open-water ultra-distance swimmers influence performances.
本研究调查了国际泳联10公里公开水域游泳比赛（即世界杯赛、欧洲锦标赛、世界锦标赛和奥运会）中精英公开水域游泳运动员的成绩趋势及游泳速度的性别差异。采用单因素和多水平回归分析，对2008年至2012年期间参加10公里公开水域比赛的每个项目中最快的以及前十名女子和男子的游泳速度及游泳速度的性别差异进行了分析。共有2591名游泳运动员（即1120名女性和1471名男性）完成了47场比赛。最快的女子（1.35±0.9米/秒）和男子（1.45±0.10米/秒）的游泳速度多年来没有变化。最快游泳运动员的平均游泳速度性别差异为6.8±2.5%。每个项目中前十名女运动员的游泳速度为1.34±0.09米/秒，多年来保持稳定。每个项目中前十名男运动员的游泳速度随时间显著下降，尽管第一场比赛（即2008年1月，1.40±0.0米/秒）的游泳速度比最后一场比赛（即2012年10月，1.50±0.0米/秒）慢（P<0.05）。总之，在2008年至2012年期间的国际泳联10公里比赛中，最快的精英公开水域游泳运动员的成绩保持稳定，而前十名男子的成绩则呈下降趋势。与跑步等其他超长距离项目相比，精英超长距离游泳运动员的游泳速度性别差异（约7%）似乎较小。进一步的研究应探讨精英公开水域超长距离游泳运动员的体型和生理机能如何影响成绩。
