Advanced Biomedical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Korea.
Institute for Community Care and Health Equity, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 29;18(21):11392. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111392.
Association between drinking and smoking has remained controversial since the association between two studies were influenced by various confounding. Thus, our study aimed to explore the causal effect of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking using alcohol flushing as an instrument variable, which is free from confounders. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from 2500 Korean young adults (1600 men and 900 women). Alcohol flushing was strongly associated with log transformed alcohol consumption (F = 272). In men, alcohol non-flushers were 1.41 times (95% CI 1.28-1.55) more likely to smoke 100 cigarettes in their lifetime in logistic regression analysis. Alcohol non-flushers were also 1.3 times (95% CI 1.21-1.40) more likely to become daily smokers and 1.39 times (95% CI 1.27-1.51) more likely to be current smokers than alcohol flushers. However, in an IV analysis, no causal relationships between alcohol consumption and smoking status were found. Alcohol consumption, on the other hand, was causally associated with lowering nicotine dependence and former smoking in men. Alcohol consumption determined by alcohol flushing status does not appear to be causally linked to the smoking behavior of young adults. The relationship between alcohol consumption and nicotine dependence and smoking cessation needs further study.
饮酒与吸烟之间的关联一直存在争议，因为两项研究之间的关联受到了各种混杂因素的影响。因此，我们的研究旨在使用酒精潮红作为工具变量来探索饮酒和吸烟的因果效应，因为这种方法不受混杂因素的影响。我们分析了来自 2500 名韩国年轻成年人（1600 名男性和 900 名女性）的横断面调查数据。酒精潮红与对数转换后的酒精摄入量有很强的相关性（F=272）。在男性中，在逻辑回归分析中，酒精非潮红者终生吸烟 100 支的可能性是酒精潮红者的 1.41 倍（95%CI 1.28-1.55）。与酒精潮红者相比，酒精非潮红者成为每日吸烟者的可能性也高出 1.3 倍（95%CI 1.21-1.40），而目前吸烟者的可能性则高出 1.39 倍（95%CI 1.27-1.51）。然而，在 IV 分析中，没有发现饮酒和吸烟状况之间存在因果关系。另一方面，饮酒与男性尼古丁依赖程度降低和戒烟有关。由酒精潮红状态决定的饮酒量似乎与年轻人的吸烟行为没有因果关系。饮酒与尼古丁依赖和戒烟之间的关系需要进一步研究。
