Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin Campus, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 4;18(21):11610. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111610.
To examine changes in accelerations of Body Mass Index (BMI), age-and-sex specific body mass index (zBMI), and 95th percentile of BMI (%BMIp95) during the summer months and school year by school location designation (i.e., urban, suburban, exurban). This study utilized the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011.
Of the 18,174 children in the ECLS-K:2011 dataset, I restricted participants to those with at least two consecutive measures that occurred August/September or April/May. Mixed-effect regression analyses estimated differences in monthly change in BMI, zBMI, and %BMIp95 between the summer and school year while accounting for the ECLS-K complex sampling design. Models also examined differences in the magnitude of BMI, zBMI, and %BMIp95 change between the summer and school year by school location. Post-hoc Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure set at 10% false discovery was incorporated to account for multiple comparisons.
A total of 1549 children (48% female, 42% White) had at least two consecutive measures that occurred in August/September or April/May. Among all locale classifications (i.e., urban, suburban, and exurban), children from high-income households comprised the largest proportions for each group (31%, 39%, and 37%), respectively. Among urban and suburban locations, Hispanic children comprised the largest proportions for both groups (43% and 44%), respectively. Among exurban locale classifications, White children comprised the largest proportion of children (60%). Children from suburban and exurban schools experienced significantly less accelerations in monthly zBMI gain when compared to their urban counterparts -0.038 (95CI = -0.071, -0.004) and -0.045 (95CI = -0.083, -0.007), respectively. Children from exurban schools experienced significantly less acceleration in monthly %BMIp95 during the summer months when compared to the school year -0.004 (95CI = -0.007, 0.000).
This is one of the first studies to examine summer weight gain by school location. Summer appears to impact children more negatively from urban schools when compared to their suburban and exurban counterparts.
通过学校位置指定（即城市、郊区、远郊），检查夏季和学年期间身体质量指数（BMI）、年龄和性别特异性 BMI（zBMI）和 BMI 第 95 百分位数（%BMIp95）的加速度变化。本研究利用了 2010-2011 年幼儿纵向研究幼儿园班的数据。
在 ECLS-K：2011 数据集中的 18174 名儿童中，我将参与者限制为至少有两次连续测量值发生在 8 月/9 月或 4 月/5 月的儿童。混合效应回归分析估计了夏季和学年期间 BMI、zBMI 和 %BMIp95 的月度变化差异，同时考虑了 ECLS-K 复杂抽样设计。模型还检查了夏季和学年期间 BMI、zBMI 和 %BMIp95 变化幅度在学校位置之间的差异。后验 Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) 程序设置为 10%假发现率，以考虑多次比较。
共有 1549 名儿童（48%为女性，42%为白人）至少有两次连续测量值发生在 8 月/9 月或 4 月/5 月。在所有地点分类（即城市、郊区和远郊）中，高收入家庭的儿童分别占每个群体的最大比例（分别为 31%、39%和 37%）。在城市和郊区地区，西班牙裔儿童分别占这两个群体的最大比例（分别为 43%和 44%）。在远郊地区分类中，白人儿童占儿童的最大比例（60%）。与城市同龄人相比，来自郊区和远郊学校的儿童的 zBMI 月增长率明显减缓-0.038（95CI=-0.071，-0.004）和-0.045（95CI=-0.083，-0.007）。与学年相比，来自远郊学校的儿童在夏季月份的 BMI 第 95 百分位月度加速明显减少-0.004（95CI=-0.007，0.000）。
这是第一项研究夏季体重增加与学校位置关系的研究之一。与城市郊区的同龄人相比，夏季似乎对城市学校的儿童产生了更负面的影响。
