Eglitis Emily, Miatke Aaron, Virgara Rosa, Machell Amanda, Olds Timothy, Richardson Mandy, Maher Carol
Allied Health and Human Performance and the Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
Children (Basel). 2024 Feb 27;11(3):287. doi: 10.3390/children11030287.
The school day provides a supportive and stimulating environment that may protect children and adolescents (5-18 years) from behaviours that are adverse for health and wellbeing.
To review the literature regarding changes in children's academic achievement or overall wellbeing during the extended school summer break and evaluate if the outcomes are different for children experiencing disadvantage.
The peer-reviewed literature was searched across six electronic databases for studies tracking changes in any academic, health or wellbeing outcome in children over the summer holidays. Studies were screened in duplicate for inclusion. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. Outcomes were coded as decline (suggestive or significant), increase (suggestive or significant) or mixed/neutral and then compared to the school year or according to disadvantaged.
Seventy-six studies ( = 14,230,846 participants) were included. Strong evidence was found of a decline in academic outcomes and increases in adiposity, sedentary behaviour and screen time. There was moderate evidence of declines in cardiovascular fitness and physical activity. These patterns were magnified for disadvantaged children. Limited data were available on muscular fitness, sleep, diet quality and social, emotional or mental wellbeing. A total of 80% of studies were from the United States. Most data were from children 12 years of age and younger.
Over the summer break, children's academic and health outcomes decline. Children experiencing disadvantage display magnified losses that warrant further investigation. The summer holidays present an opportunity to improve children's health and wellbeing.
上学日提供了一个支持性且能激发活力的环境，可保护儿童和青少年（5 - 18岁）免受对健康和幸福有害的行为影响。
回顾关于学校夏季长假期间儿童学业成绩或整体幸福感变化的文献，并评估处于不利状况的儿童的结果是否有所不同。
在六个电子数据库中检索经过同行评审的文献，以查找追踪暑假期间儿童任何学业、健康或幸福结果变化的研究。对研究进行双人筛选以确定纳入情况。使用标准化数据提取表提取数据。结果被编码为下降（暗示性或显著）、上升（暗示性或显著）或混合/中性，然后与学年情况进行比较或按是否处于不利状况进行比较。
纳入了76项研究（n = 14,230,846名参与者）。有强有力的证据表明学业成绩下降，肥胖、久坐行为和屏幕使用时间增加。有中等证据表明心血管健康和身体活动下降。这些模式在处于不利状况的儿童中更为明显。关于肌肉健康、睡眠、饮食质量以及社会、情感或心理健康方面的数据有限。总共80%的研究来自美国。大多数数据来自12岁及以下的儿童。
在暑假期间，儿童的学业和健康结果会下降。处于不利状况的儿童表现出更大的损失，值得进一步研究。暑假为改善儿童的健康和幸福提供了一个机会。
