Human Performance Laboratory, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161, USA.
SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 7;18(21):11676. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111676.
Law enforcement agencies generally employ the "one-size-fits-all" education-training model. Its effectiveness compared to alternative training models has been under scrutiny. Physical fitness scores of Serbian male (n = 98) and female (n = 79) police cadets during their yearly evaluation were compared. Cadets trained for the first 3 years with the "one-size-fits-all" model. In the fourth year, they self-prescribed an individualized exercise program based on the obtained curriculum knowledge. A two-way MANOVA revealed a significant effect of academic years on combined variables ( < 0.001) and significant differences between academic years for deadlift, half squat, standing long jump, sit-ups and 12-min Cooper test time ( < 0.001). Sex also had a significant main effect on combined variables ( < 0.001) with males outscoring females on all of the fitness assessments. For pull-ups, there was a significant year * sex interaction ( = 0.01) with the third year to be pivotal for female and male performance, respectively. In conclusion, the use of a "one-size-fits-all" model, presented differences in physical fitness scores between the years one to three, pointing to its questionable effectiveness. On the contrary, the self-prescribed individualized exercise program of the fourth year elicited greater fitness scores, indicating the need to evaluate the applicability of such a training model more.
执法机构通常采用“一刀切”的教育培训模式。其与替代培训模式的效果一直受到审查。对塞尔维亚男性（n = 98）和女性（n = 79）警察学员在每年评估中的身体素质得分进行了比较。学员在前 3 年接受“一刀切”的模式训练。在第四年，他们根据获得的课程知识自行制定个性化的锻炼计划。双向 MANOVA 显示，学年对综合变量有显著影响（<0.001），学年之间在硬拉、半蹲、立定跳远、仰卧起坐和 12 分钟库珀测试时间方面存在显著差异（<0.001）。性别对综合变量也有显著的主效应（<0.001），男性在所有体能评估中得分均高于女性。至于引体向上，存在学年*性别交互作用（=0.01），分别是第三年对女性和男性表现至关重要。总之，使用“一刀切”的模式在第一至第三年之间的身体素质得分存在差异，表明其效果值得怀疑。相反，第四年自行规定的个性化锻炼计划产生了更高的体能得分，表明需要进一步评估这种训练模式的适用性。
