Panoutsakopoulos Vassilios, Schwarz Antonella V, Merkou Evangelia, Savvoulidis Stratos, Kotzamanidou Mariana C, Papadakis Zacharias
Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Practice, College of Health Professions and Medical Sciences, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161, USA.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Aug 21;13(8):279. doi: 10.3390/sports13080279.
Handgrip strength asymmetry is a critical yet underexplored basketball component. While the digit ratio (2D:4D) is linked to strength, its interplay with age, body composition, and biomechanics is unclear. This study aimed to quantify these independent and interactive effects on asymmetry in female basketball players. Maximum handgrip strength was measured bilaterally in three arm postures in 26 adolescent and adult players. Linear Mixed Model with a random intercept tested the effects. Omnibus tests revealed no statistically significant main effects or interactions for age group, lean body mass (LBM), or 2D:4D ratio. However, a planned contrast showed that asymmetry was significantly lower in an overhead arm posture compared to an extended arm posture ( = 0.035). A simulation-based power analysis determined the study was significantly underpowered (11.5%) to detect small-to-medium interaction effects. While biomechanical position subtly modulates strength asymmetry, the influence of age, lean mass, and digit ratio may be negligible or require substantially larger samples to detect. Individual differences, which accounted for 57% of the variance, appear to be the dominant drivers of handgrip asymmetry in this athletic cohort, highlighting the complexity of strength imbalances and the critical need for adequately powered research in this domain.
握力不对称是篮球运动中一个关键但尚未得到充分研究的因素。虽然指长比（2D:4D）与力量有关，但其与年龄、身体成分和生物力学之间的相互作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在量化这些因素对女性篮球运动员握力不对称的独立和交互作用。对26名青少年和成年运动员在三种手臂姿势下双侧测量最大握力。采用具有随机截距的线性混合模型来检验这些影响。综合检验显示，年龄组、瘦体重（LBM）或2D:4D比值在统计学上没有显著的主效应或交互作用。然而，一项预先设定的对比显示，与伸直手臂姿势相比， overhead arm姿势下的不对称性显著更低（P = 0.035）。基于模拟的功效分析表明，该研究检测中小交互作用的功效显著不足（11.5%）。虽然生物力学位置会微妙地调节力量不对称，但年龄、瘦体重和指长比的影响可能可以忽略不计，或者需要更大的样本量才能检测到。个体差异占方差的57%，似乎是这个运动员群体中握力不对称的主要驱动因素，这凸显了力量不平衡的复杂性以及该领域充分有效研究的迫切需求。
