Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Oct 26;21(21):7102. doi: 10.3390/s21217102.
This paper presents a minimum signal model via the AC small-signal model and the uncertainty principle, which reveals the minimum AC signal that can be amplified by a bipolar transistor. The Ebers-Moll model (EM3) can describe the small signal amplification process, but it is difficult to define the minimum amplifiable signal of the bipolar transistor. In this study, the correspondence relationship between the non-equilibrium carrier and the electric injection is proved, and the relationship between the life of the non-equilibrium carrier and the measurable signal is proposed by the uncertainty principle. Next, the limit of perceived minimum voltage is also derived in this paper. Then, combining with EM3 model, the minimum AC signal model of bipolar transistor is presented to calculate the minimum voltage signal of bipolar transistor that can be amplified. Finally, a number of the simulation and experiment results show that when the minimum signal in the model is used as input, the carrier concentration of the bipolar transistor does not change and the base electrode cannot perceive the signal, which verifies the validity of the minimum AC signal model.
本文通过交流小信号模型和测不准原理，给出了一个最小信号模型，揭示了双极晶体管可以放大的最小交流信号。Ebers-Moll 模型（EM3）可以描述小信号放大过程，但很难定义双极晶体管的最小可放大信号。在本研究中，证明了非平衡载流子与电注入之间的对应关系，并通过测不准原理提出了非平衡载流子寿命与可测信号之间的关系。接着，本文还推导出了可感知最小电压的极限。然后，结合 EM3 模型，提出了双极晶体管的最小交流信号模型，以计算可放大的双极晶体管的最小电压信号。最后，通过大量的仿真和实验结果表明，当模型中的最小信号作为输入时，双极晶体管的载流子浓度不会发生变化，基极无法感知信号，验证了最小交流信号模型的有效性。
