Czop Monika, Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk Beata, Kajda-Szcześniak Małgorzata
Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Department of Building Processes and Building Physics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Oct 29;14(21):6491. doi: 10.3390/ma14216491.
In Europe there are nearly 500 incinerators. There are over 2000 of them in the world. It is estimated that the combustion of 1 ton (Mg) of waste produces about 250-300 kg of slag. Due to the large amounts of this waste, the construction industry's demand for raw materials and the reduction of CO emissions, research was undertaken to use slags as a cement component. The problem was complex because slags generated in the thermal treatment of municipal waste have different chemical compositions and physical properties and contain variable amounts of impurities. The choice of chemical analyses of slag was dictated by the potential influence on the properties of cement mortars. The total moisture of raw slag (4-10%), the bulk density (600-1267 kg/m) and the specific surface after grinding (over 3000 cm/g) were determined. The pH (11.9) and the content of sulphates (3.5% by weight), chlorides (0.3% by weight) and selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb) were measured in the aqueous extract. The obtained results of the washing test were compared with the values resulting from the currently binding legal regulations. In the next step, cement mortars with 30% addition of tested slags were designed and made. The article presents the results of compressive strength tests, which were compared with the results of samples without the addition of slag. The addition of slag to the cement mortar decreased S_MSWI 1 by 64% and S_MSWI 2 by 31%. The high loss of strength and the swelling of the S_MSWI 1 test led to the activation of the NaOH slag. In the endurance test, an increase from 16 to 32 MPa was recorded. Preliminary studies show that the addition of slag in the cement mortar allows obtaining the strength at the level of 30-32 MPa.
欧洲有近500座垃圾焚烧炉。全球有2000多座。据估计，燃烧1吨（兆克）垃圾会产生约250 - 300千克炉渣。由于这种垃圾数量巨大、建筑业对原材料的需求以及二氧化碳排放量的减少，人们开展了将炉渣用作水泥成分的研究。这个问题很复杂，因为城市垃圾热处理产生的炉渣具有不同的化学成分和物理性质，且含有数量不等的杂质。对炉渣进行化学分析的选择取决于其对水泥砂浆性能的潜在影响。测定了原生炉渣的总含水量（4 - 10%）、堆积密度（600 - 1267千克/立方米）以及粉磨后的比表面积（超过3000平方厘米/克）。测量了水提取物中的pH值（11.9）、硫酸盐含量（3.5%重量）、氯化物含量（0.3%重量）以及选定重金属（镉、铜、铁、锰、锌、铅）的含量。将洗涤试验得到的结果与现行有效法规规定的值进行了比较。接下来，设计并制作了添加30%受试炉渣的水泥砂浆。本文展示了抗压强度试验的结果，并将其与未添加炉渣的样品结果进行了比较。向水泥砂浆中添加炉渣使S_MSWI 1的强度降低了64%，S_MSWI 2的强度降低了31%。S_MSWI 1试验中强度的大幅损失和膨胀导致了NaOH炉渣的活化。在耐久性试验中，记录到强度从16兆帕增加到了32兆帕。初步研究表明，在水泥砂浆中添加炉渣能够获得30 - 32兆帕水平的强度。
