Özbek Oguz, Berkel Caglar, Isildak Ömer, Isildak Ibrahim
Science and Technology, Application and Research Center, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey.
Clin Chim Acta. 2022 Jan 1;524:154-163. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.011. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
Excess nitrogen in the body is converted to urea in the liver, and urea is disposed as a waste product in urine. Urea concentration can change in body fluids such as blood due to the presence of certain disorders. Therefore, the determination of urea is of high importance in various areas including medical diagnosis, as well as food quality control and environmental monitoring. Potentiometric sensors have certain advantages over their alternatives, such as rapidity, portability, cost effectiveness, high sensitivity, easy operation and simple apparatus. Potentiometric urea biosensors based on enzyme urease have been developed using various materials including nanoparticles and films, and also using different methodologies. In this review, we covered potentiometric urea biosensors reported in the literature, and touched upon their certain structure characteristics and performance parameters including detection limit, working concentration range, response time and lifetime, all of which are of practical importance. Each potentiometric urea biosensor has its own advantages and drawbacks, thus the selection of appropriate method depends on the sample to be analyzed, its urea concentration range and other requirements of the particular application. Further research is needed in order to optimize the performance of these devices and to broaden their applicability.
体内多余的氮在肝脏中转化为尿素，尿素作为废物随尿液排出体外。由于某些疾病的存在，血液等体液中的尿素浓度可能会发生变化。因此，尿素的测定在医学诊断、食品质量控制和环境监测等各个领域都具有重要意义。电位传感器相对于其他替代方案具有一定优势，如快速、便携、成本效益高、灵敏度高、操作简便和仪器简单。基于脲酶的电位型尿素生物传感器已采用包括纳米颗粒和薄膜在内的各种材料，并使用不同方法开发出来。在本综述中，我们涵盖了文献中报道的电位型尿素生物传感器，并涉及了它们的某些结构特征和性能参数，包括检测限、工作浓度范围、响应时间和寿命，所有这些都具有实际重要性。每种电位型尿素生物传感器都有其自身的优缺点，因此选择合适的方法取决于待分析的样品、其尿素浓度范围以及特定应用的其他要求。为了优化这些设备的性能并扩大其适用性，还需要进一步研究。
