Zhou Wanwan, Wang Xiao, Chang Jun, Cheng Chenglong, Miao Chenggui
Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2022 May;59(3):203-218. doi: 10.1080/10408363.2021.2002256. Epub 2021 Nov 13.
Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and systemic vasculitis are caused by the body's immune response to autoantigens. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is complex. RNA methylation is known to play a key role in disease progression as it regulates almost all aspects of RNA processing, including RNA nuclear export, translation, splicing, and noncoding RNA processing. This review summarizes the mechanisms, molecular structures of RNA methylations and their roles in biological functions. Similar to the roles of RNA methylation in cancers, RNA methylation in RA and SLE involves "writers" that deposit methyl groups to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C), "erasers" that remove these modifications, and "readers" that further affect mRNA splicing, export, translation, and degradation. Recent advances in detection methods have identified N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N6,2-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), and 7-methylguanosine (m7G) RNA modifications, and their roles in RA and SLE need to be further studied. The relationship between RNA methylation and other autoimmune diseases has not been reported, and the roles and mechanisms of RNA modifications in these diseases need to be explored in the future.
类风湿关节炎（RA）、系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）和系统性血管炎等自身免疫性疾病是由机体对自身抗原的免疫反应引起的。自身免疫性疾病的发病机制很复杂。已知RNA甲基化在疾病进展中起关键作用，因为它几乎调节RNA加工的所有方面，包括RNA核输出、翻译、剪接和非编码RNA加工。本文综述了RNA甲基化的机制、分子结构及其在生物学功能中的作用。与RNA甲基化在癌症中的作用类似，RA和SLE中的RNA甲基化涉及沉积甲基以形成N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）和5-甲基胞嘧啶（m5C）的“书写器”、去除这些修饰的“擦除器”以及进一步影响mRNA剪接、输出、翻译和降解的“读取器”。检测方法的最新进展已鉴定出N1-甲基腺苷（m1A）、N6,2-O-二甲基腺苷（m6Am）和7-甲基鸟苷（m7G）RNA修饰，它们在RA和SLE中的作用有待进一步研究。RNA甲基化与其他自身免疫性疾病之间的关系尚未见报道，这些疾病中RNA修饰的作用和机制有待未来探索。
