Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Departamento de Pediatria, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Santa Casa de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina Interna-Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2022 Mar-Apr;98 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S38-S46. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.10.002. Epub 2021 Nov 12.
To describe the participation of the environment in the childhood obesity epidemic, since childhood obesity currently represents a great challenge, with high prevalence worldwide, including in Brazil.
Survey of articles published in the last 10 years in PubMed, evaluating the interface between the environment and childhood obesity.
Recent studies show that the environment is very important in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and its comorbidities. Therefore, factors such as air pollution, exposure to chemical substances that interfere with the metabolism, excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and sedentary lifestyle are associated with increased obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and changes in lipid metabolism. These factors have a greater impact on some stages of life, such as the first thousand days, as they affect the expression of genes that control the adipogenesis, energy expenditure, and the mechanisms for hunger/satiety control.
Environmental aspects must be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity, both from the individual and the population point of view, with adequate and comprehensive public health policies.
描述环境在儿童肥胖症流行中的作用，因为目前儿童肥胖症是一个巨大的挑战，在全球范围内发病率都很高，包括在巴西。
在过去 10 年中在 PubMed 上发表的评估环境与儿童肥胖症之间关系的文章进行综述。
最近的研究表明，环境在肥胖症及其合并症的发病机制中起着非常重要的作用。因此，空气污染、接触干扰新陈代谢的化学物质、过度消费超加工食品、肠道微生物群的变化以及久坐的生活方式等因素与肥胖症、胰岛素抵抗、2 型糖尿病以及脂代谢变化的发生率增加有关。这些因素在生命的某些阶段有更大的影响，如最初的一千天，因为它们影响控制脂肪生成、能量消耗和饥饿/饱腹感控制机制的基因表达。
必须从个体和人群的角度出发，考虑环境因素，制定充分和全面的公共卫生政策，以预防和治疗儿童肥胖症。
