Conti Maria Vittoria, Vincenti Alessandra, Beretta Alice, Calcaterra Valeria, Taranto Silvia, Diotti Marianna, Zuccotti Gianvincenzo, Cena Hellas
Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 13;16(24):4316. doi: 10.3390/nu16244316.
Childhood obesity is a critical public health challenge with a rising prevalence worldwide, contributing to numerous health risks and long-term societal burdens. Concurrently, climate change and environmental degradation demand sustainable approaches to dietary patterns. The Planetary Health Diet (PHD), initially designed for adults, emphasizes plant-based foods and sustainable practices.
This review explores the suitability of the PHD for addressing childhood obesity by assessing its nutritional adequacy and proposing necessary adaptations for pediatric populations.
A narrative review methodology was employed, examining data from global and regional nutritional guidelines and evaluating the PHD's bromatological composition against age-specific requirements.
The findings indicate that while the PHD aligns with environmental goals, it may not fully meet the energy and specific nutrient needs of children and adolescents without modifications. Key challenges include ensuring adequate intake of bioavailable protein, iron, calcium, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. Strategies such as incorporating fortified foods, optimizing food pairings, and gradual adaptation to high-fiber diets are critical for successful implementation. This review also highlights the importance of cultural adaptability, family involvement, and regional food systems in promoting adherence. Tailored interventions, such as school meal programs and educational initiatives, can bridge gaps in nutrition while fostering sustainable dietary behaviors.
Adapting the PHD for pediatric needs presents an opportunity to integrate nutritional health with environmental stewardship, contributing to obesity prevention and a sustainable future. Further research is required to validate these adaptations and develop comprehensive frameworks for global implementation.
儿童肥胖是一项严峻的公共卫生挑战，在全球范围内患病率不断上升，带来了众多健康风险和长期的社会负担。与此同时，气候变化和环境退化要求采用可持续的饮食模式。行星健康饮食（PHD）最初是为成年人设计的，强调以植物性食物为主和可持续的饮食习惯。
本综述通过评估行星健康饮食对儿童营养的充足性，并针对儿科人群提出必要的调整建议，探讨其对解决儿童肥胖问题的适用性。
采用叙述性综述方法，研究全球和区域营养指南中的数据，并根据特定年龄的需求评估行星健康饮食的食物组成。
研究结果表明，虽然行星健康饮食符合环境目标，但未经调整可能无法完全满足儿童和青少年的能量及特定营养素需求。主要挑战包括确保摄入足够的生物可利用蛋白质、铁、钙、维生素B12和维生素D。纳入强化食品、优化食物搭配以及逐步适应高纤维饮食等策略对于成功实施至关重要。本综述还强调了文化适应性、家庭参与和区域食物系统在促进依从性方面的重要性。量身定制的干预措施，如学校膳食计划和教育倡议，可以弥补营养差距，同时培养可持续的饮食行为。
根据儿科需求调整行星健康饮食为将营养健康与环境管理相结合提供了契机，有助于预防肥胖和实现可持续未来。需要进一步研究来验证这些调整，并制定全球实施的综合框架。
