"Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2022 Apr;74:21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.10.024. Epub 2021 Nov 12.
Environmental pollution with heavy metals continues to affect soil quality and crops yields. Among remediation solutions, biotechnology offers a number of environmentally friendly options, one of which is phytoremediation. The use of plants as hyperaccumulators for heavy metal ions is beneficial in terms of feasibility, costs, but has the disadvantage that plants may be affected by heavy metals toxicity. Also, heavy metals are often found in soil in less bioavailable forms to be extracted by plant roots. To overcome these shortcomings, various techniques have been proposed to intensify and accelerate the phytoremediation. They are analyzed and concisely described in this paper, emphasizing how these techniques can act to increase plant tolerance to the toxicity of heavy metal ions and can change the conditions in the rhizosphere area to favor heavy metals extraction and the transport in the roots and their translocation towards the aerial parts of the plant.
重金属污染持续影响土壤质量和作物产量。在修复解决方案中，生物技术提供了许多环保选择，其中之一是植物修复。利用植物作为重金属离子的超富集剂在可行性、成本方面具有优势，但也存在植物可能受到重金属毒性影响的缺点。此外，重金属通常以植物根系难以提取的生物利用度较低的形式存在于土壤中。为了克服这些缺点，已经提出了各种技术来加强和加速植物修复。本文对这些技术进行了分析和简要描述，强调了这些技术如何增强植物对重金属离子毒性的耐受性，并改变根际区域的条件，以有利于重金属的提取和在根系中的运输及其向植物地上部分的转移。
