Kauppi M, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Aalto V, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Stenholm S
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku and Helsinki, Finland.
School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
Eur J Ageing. 2021 Mar 1;18(4):503-512. doi: 10.1007/s10433-021-00604-y. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Social networks are associated with individual's health and well-being. Working life offers opportunities to create and maintain social networks, while retirement may change these networks. This study examined how the number of ties in social network changes across the retirement transition. The study population consisted of 2319 participants (84% women, mean age 63.2 years) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. Information about social network ties, including the number of ties in the inner, middle and outer circles of the social convoy model, was gathered using annual postal surveys before and after retirement. Three repeat surveys per participant covered the retirement transition and the post-retirement periods. Mean number of network ties was 21.6 before retirement, of which 5.6 were situated in the inner, 6.9 in the middle and 9.1 in the outer circle. The number of ties in the outer circle decreased by 0.67 (95% CI - 0.92, - 0.42) during the retirement transition period, but not during the post-retirement period (0.11, 95% CI - 0.33, 0.12) (interaction period * time, = 0.006). The pattern of change in these ties did not differ by gender, occupational status, marital status, number of chronic diseases and mental health during the retirement transition period. The number of ties in the inner and middle circles overall did not decrease during these periods. The number of peripheral relationships decreased during the retirement transition but not after that, suggesting that the observed reduction is more likely to be associated with retirement rather than aging.
社交网络与个人的健康和幸福相关。工作生活为建立和维持社交网络提供了机会，而退休可能会改变这些网络。本研究考察了退休过渡期间社交网络中关系数量的变化情况。研究对象包括来自芬兰退休与老龄化研究的2319名参与者（84%为女性，平均年龄63.2岁）。在退休前后，通过年度邮政调查收集了关于社交网络关系的信息，包括社交护航模型中内圈、中圈和外圈的关系数量。每位参与者进行三次重复调查，涵盖退休过渡阶段和退休后阶段。退休前网络关系的平均数量为21.6，其中5.6个位于内圈，6.9个位于中圈，9.1个位于外圈。在退休过渡期间，外圈的关系数量减少了0.67（95%置信区间为-0.92，-0.42），但在退休后阶段没有减少（0.11，95%置信区间为-0.33，0.12）（交互项“时期*时间”，P = 0.006）。在退休过渡期间，这些关系的变化模式在性别、职业状况、婚姻状况、慢性病数量和心理健康方面没有差异。在内圈和中圈的关系数量在这些时期总体上没有减少。外围关系的数量在退休过渡期间减少，但之后没有减少，这表明观察到的减少更可能与退休有关，而不是与衰老有关。
