Elovainio Marko, Kivimäki Mika, Vahtera Jussi, Ojanlatva Ansa, Korkeila Katariina, Suominen Sakari, Helenius Hans, Koskenvuo Markku
National Research and Development Center for Welfare and Health, Helsinki, Finland.
J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Apr;45(4):433-9. doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000058334.05741.7a.
The aim of the study was to examine associations of social support with early retirement and reported retirement preference. Logistic regression analyses of early retirement (retired before the age of 55) were based on a cohort of 10,489 respondents (5960 female, 4529 male) aged 40-55 years. Analyses of retirement preference (planning of early retirement) were based on a sub-cohort of 7759 full-time employees (4233 female, 3526 male). The measures for social support were the social network size (number of close personal relationships) and social network heterogeneity (number of different roles as sources of social support). Among women, early retirement was associated with small social networks (OR 5.1, 95% CI = 2.8-9.2) and low social network heterogeneity (OR 9.1, 95% CI = 3.2-25.9). Among men, the corresponding associations were somewhat smaller (1.5; 0.9-2.6 and 8.0; 1.8-35.7, respectively). Adjustments for age, occupational training, and spouse at home did not considerably affect these associations. Among men, the association between social network heterogeneity and early retirement was not statistically significant after additional adjustments had been made for marital status and perceived health status. The characteristics of the social network were not associated with a retirement preference among employed men. Among women, the lack of social relations was associated with low retirement preference. Our findings suggested that social support is not independently associated with a retirement preference among men. Socially isolated women prefer retirement less often than other women do. Being retired before the age of 55 years may be predicted by limited social support or it may restrain one's possibilities to establish and maintain social relationships.
该研究的目的是考察社会支持与提前退休及报告的退休偏好之间的关联。对提前退休（55岁之前退休）的逻辑回归分析基于一个由10489名年龄在40 - 55岁的受访者组成的队列（5960名女性，4529名男性）。对退休偏好（提前退休计划）的分析基于一个由7759名全职员工组成的子队列（4233名女性，3526名男性）。社会支持的衡量指标是社会网络规模（亲密私人关系的数量）和社会网络异质性（作为社会支持来源的不同角色的数量）。在女性中，提前退休与较小的社会网络（比值比5.1，95%置信区间 = 2.8 - 9.2）和较低的社会网络异质性（比值比9.1，95%置信区间 = 3.2 - 25.9）相关。在男性中，相应的关联稍小（分别为1.5；0.9 - 2.6和8.0；1.8 - 35.7）。对年龄、职业培训和家中配偶进行调整后，这些关联没有受到显著影响。在男性中，在对婚姻状况和感知健康状况进行额外调整后，社会网络异质性与提前退休之间的关联在统计学上不显著。社会网络的特征与在职男性的退休偏好无关。在女性中，缺乏社会关系与较低的退休偏好相关。我们的研究结果表明，社会支持与男性的退休偏好没有独立关联。社会孤立的女性比其他女性更不倾向于退休。55岁之前退休可能由有限的社会支持所预测，或者它可能限制一个人建立和维持社会关系的可能性。
