Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada.
Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
Microbiol Spectr. 2021 Dec 22;9(3):e0198021. doi: 10.1128/Spectrum.01980-21. Epub 2021 Nov 17.
Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals has come under increasing scrutiny due to its potential association with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Monitoring of AMR in indicator microorganisms such as spp. in meat production facilities and retail meat products can provide important information on the dynamics and prevalence of AMR in these environments. In this study, swabs or samples were obtained from various locations in a commercial beef packing operation ( = 600) and from retail ground beef ( = 60) over a 19-month period. All samples/swabs were enriched for spp., and suspected enterococci isolates were identified using species-specific PCR primers. Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated species, followed by Enterococcus hirae, which was found mostly on post-hide removal carcasses and in ground beef. Enterococcus faecium ( = 9) and E. faecalis ( = 120) isolates were further characterized for AMR. Twenty-one unique AMR profiles were identified, with 90% of isolates resistant to at least two antimicrobials and two that were resistant to nine antimicrobials. Tetracycline resistance was observed most often in E. faecalis (28.8%) and was likely mediated by (M). Genomic analysis of selected E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates revealed that many of the isolates in this study clustered with other publicly available genomes from ground beef, suggesting that these strains are well adapted to the beef processing environment. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious challenge facing the agricultural industry. Understanding the flow of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through the beef fabrication process and into ground beef is an important step in identifying intervention points for reducing AMR. In this study, we used enterococci as indicator bacteria for monitoring AMR in a commercial beef packaging facility and in retail ground beef over a 19-month period. Although washing of carcasses post-hide removal reduced the isolation frequency of spp., a number of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates were recovered from ground beef produced in the packaging plant. Genome analysis showed that several E. faecalis isolates were genetically similar to publicly available isolates recovered from retail ground beef in the United States.
由于其与抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）的潜在关联，食品生产动物中的抗微生物药物使用受到了越来越多的关注。监测肉生产设施和零售绞碎牛肉中指示微生物（如 spp.）中的 AMR 可以提供有关这些环境中 AMR 动态和流行情况的重要信息。在这项研究中，在 19 个月的时间里，从商业牛肉包装厂的各个地点（ = 600）和零售绞碎牛肉（ = 60）中采集了拭子或样本。所有样本/拭子均用 spp. 进行了富集，并用种特异性 PCR 引物鉴定疑似肠球菌分离株。粪肠球菌是最常分离到的物种，其次是屎肠球菌，主要在去皮后牛体和绞碎牛肉中发现。肠球菌粪肠球菌（ = 9）和肠球菌屎肠球菌（ = 120）分离株进一步进行了 AMR 特征分析。鉴定出 21 种独特的 AMR 谱，90%的分离株对至少两种抗菌药物有耐药性，有两种分离株对 9 种抗菌药物有耐药性。四环素耐药性在粪肠球菌中最常见（28.8%），可能由（M）介导。对选定的肠球菌粪肠球菌和肠球菌屎肠球菌分离株进行基因组分析显示，本研究中的许多分离株与来自绞碎牛肉的其他公开基因组聚类，表明这些菌株很好地适应了牛肉加工环境。抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）是农业行业面临的一个严重挑战。了解抗微生物药物耐药细菌通过牛肉加工过程并进入绞碎牛肉的流动情况是确定减少 AMR 干预点的重要步骤。在这项研究中，我们使用肠球菌作为指示菌，在商业牛肉包装厂和零售绞碎牛肉中监测了 19 个月的 AMR。尽管去皮后牛体的清洗减少了 spp. 的分离频率，但仍从包装厂生产的绞碎牛肉中回收了一些抗药性粪肠球菌分离株。基因组分析表明，一些肠球菌分离株在遗传上与从美国零售绞碎牛肉中回收的公开分离株相似。
