Strong Kayla M, Marasco Kaitlin L, Invik Jesse, Ganshorn Heather, Reid-Smith Richard J, Waldner Cheryl L, Otto Simon J G, Kastelic John P, Checkley Sylvia L
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
AMR-One Health Consortium, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Apr 20;10:1155772. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1155772. eCollection 2023.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern, occurring when bacteria evolve to render antimicrobials no longer effective. Antimicrobials have important roles in beef production; however, the potential to introduce AMR to people through beef products is a concern. This scoping review identifies factors associated with changes in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant spp. applicable to the Canadian farm-to-fork beef continuum.
Five databases (MEDLINE, BIOSIS, Web of Science, Embase, and CAB Abstracts) were searched for articles published from January 1984 to March 2022, using inclusion criteria. Peer-reviewed articles were included if they met all the following criteria: written in English, applicable to the Canadian beef production context, primary research, research, describing an intervention or exposure, and specific to spp.
Out of 804 screened articles, 26 were selected for inclusion. The included articles discussed 37 factors potentially associated with AMR in enterococci, with multiple articles discussing at least two of the same factors. Factors discussed included antimicrobial administration ( = 16), raised without antimicrobials ( = 6), metal supplementation ( = 4), probiotics supplementation ( = 3), pen environment ( = 2), essential oil supplementation ( = 1), grass feeding ( = 1), therapeutic versus subtherapeutic antimicrobial use ( = 1), feeding wet distiller grains with solubles ( = 1), nutritional supplementation ( = 1) and processing plant type ( = 1). Results were included irrespective of their quality of evidence.
Comparability issues arising throughout the review process were related to data aggregation, hierarchical structures, study design, and inconsistent data reporting. Findings from articles were often temporally specific in that resistance was associated with AMR outcomes at sampling times closer to exposure compared to studies that sampled at longer intervals after exposure. Resistance was often nuanced to unique gene and phenotypic resistance patterns that varied with species of enterococci. Intrinsic resistance and interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentration varied greatly among enterococcal species, highlighting the importance of caution when comparing articles and generalizing findings.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是一个全球卫生问题，当细菌进化到使抗菌药物不再有效时就会出现。抗菌药物在牛肉生产中发挥着重要作用；然而，通过牛肉产品将AMR传播给人类的可能性令人担忧。本综述确定了与加拿大从农场到餐桌的牛肉产业链中抗菌药物耐药菌属患病率变化相关的因素。
检索了五个数据库（MEDLINE、BIOSIS、科学网、Embase和CAB文摘），以查找1984年1月至2022年3月发表的文章，并使用纳入标准。如果同行评审文章符合以下所有标准，则予以纳入：用英文撰写、适用于加拿大牛肉生产背景、原始研究、描述干预或暴露且特定于菌属。
在筛选的804篇文章中，26篇被选中纳入。纳入的文章讨论了37个可能与肠球菌中AMR相关的因素，多篇文章讨论了至少两个相同的因素。讨论的因素包括抗菌药物给药（n = 16）、无抗菌药物饲养（n = 6）、金属补充（n = 4）、益生菌补充（n = 3）、围栏环境（n = 2）、精油补充（n = 1）、草饲（n = 1）、治疗性与亚治疗性抗菌药物使用（n = 1）、饲喂含可溶物的湿酒糟（n = 1）、营养补充（n = 1）和加工厂类型（n = 1）。无论证据质量如何，结果均被纳入。
整个综述过程中出现的可比性问题与数据汇总、层次结构、研究设计和数据报告不一致有关。文章的研究结果往往具有时间特异性，即与暴露后较长时间采样的研究相比，在更接近暴露的采样时间，耐药性与AMR结果相关。耐药性通常因独特的基因和表型耐药模式而异，这些模式因肠球菌种类而异。不同肠球菌种类之间的固有耐药性和最低抑菌浓度的解释差异很大，这突出了在比较文章和归纳研究结果时谨慎的重要性。
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