Semyonov-Tal Keren, Maskileyson Dina
Department of Labor Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, the Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Sociol. 2021 Nov 1;6:686306. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.686306. eCollection 2021.
The study focuses on sources for health gaps between Jewish immigrants and native-born Israelis. Unlike traditional immigrant societies where immigration is viewed as economically motivated, immigrants returning to Israel are viewed as the "returning diaspora". Because immigrants in Israel are entitled to the same health benefits and medical services as native-born, we expect Israel to attract unhealthy immigrants in disproportionate numbers. The data for the analysis are obtained from the Israeli National Health Interview Survey (2013-2015). The data set provides detailed information on health status and illness, sociodemographic attributes and origin of immigrants. Three major origin groups of immigrants are distinguished: the former Soviet Union, Western Europeans or the Americans (mostly Ashkenazim), and Asians or North Africans (mostly Sephardim). Our findings lend support to the expectations that the health status of all immigrant groups is poorer than that of native-born Israelis. The nativity-illness gap is most pronounced in the case of male immigrants (from Europe or the Americas or South Africa or Australia) and for female immigrants (from countries in the Middle East or North Africa) and least pronounced in the case of immigrants arriving from the former Soviet Union for both gender groups. Decomposition of the gaps into components reveals that some portion of the illness gap can be attributed to nativity status, but the largest portion of the gap is attributed to demographic characteristics. Neither socioeconomic status nor health-related behavior accounts for a substantial portion of the nativity-illness gap for all subgroups of immigrants.
该研究聚焦于犹太移民与以色列本土出生者之间健康差距的来源。与传统移民社会不同，在传统移民社会中移民被视为出于经济动机，而返回以色列的移民被视为“回归的散居者”。由于以色列的移民有权享有与本土出生者相同的健康福利和医疗服务，我们预计以色列会吸引数量不成比例的不健康移民。分析数据来自以色列国民健康访谈调查（2013 - 2015年）。该数据集提供了关于健康状况和疾病、社会人口学属性以及移民来源的详细信息。区分了三类主要的移民来源群体：前苏联、西欧或美国人（大多为阿什肯纳兹人），以及亚洲或北非人（大多为西班牙系犹太人）。我们的研究结果支持了这样的预期，即所有移民群体的健康状况都比以色列本土出生者差。出生 - 疾病差距在男性移民（来自欧洲、美洲、南非或澳大利亚）和女性移民（来自中东或北非国家）中最为明显，而在来自前苏联的男女移民群体中最不明显。将差距分解为各个组成部分后发现，疾病差距的一部分可归因于出生状况，但差距的最大部分归因于人口特征。对于所有移民亚组而言，社会经济地位和与健康相关的行为都不能解释出生 - 疾病差距的很大一部分。
