Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar, Yadavalli Chandra Sekhar, Venkateshaiah Sathisha Upparahalli, Mishra Anil
John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Int J Cell Biol Physiol. 2021;4(1-2):1-12. Epub 2021 Oct 13.
Many aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus remain poorly understood, including its rapid mutation and its effects on populations of different ages. The present literature of review is focused on the effectiveness of current available vaccines in view of immerging several SARS-CoV-2 variants. The most dangerous and infectious SARS-CoV-2 strain, B117, was recently discovered in the United Kingdom, and another new variant, 501.V2, was discovered in South Africa. In countries such as the United States, Japan, India, and Brazil, the variant B117 spread far more quickly than the original strain. The new SARS-CoV-2 mutations have made producing a universal and effective vaccine more difficult. SARS-CoV-2's S protein, which aids in receptor identification and membrane fusion, is a primary target for vaccine development using its mRNA or inactivated virus. Currently, in the interval of few days new more infectious SARS-CoV-2 mutant is detected, started from SARS-CoV-2 Alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), delta (B.1.617.2), delta plus, gamma (P.1) and now variant lamda. The variant detected first in Peru and spread almost 27 countries including UK that accounts for 82% of new infections. These mutant variants are posing new challenge even to the fully vaccinated individuals and a challenge for the public health. Thus, a need to review current treatment vaccination guideline and strategy as early as possible. Reporting all new SARS-CoV-2 variants and their effectiveness in response to several available vaccines, we would like to draw the attention of health care provider, and all developed countries health care agencies including WHO to frame new guidelines for vaccination and immediate intervention to control the development of new SARS-CoV-2 variants from the third world countries by providing vaccines to the poor countries as early as possible.
新冠病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的许多方面仍未得到充分了解，包括其快速变异以及对不同年龄段人群的影响。鉴于出现了几种新冠病毒变种，目前的综述文献聚焦于现有疫苗的有效性。最危险且传染性最强的新冠病毒毒株B.1.1.7最近在英国被发现，另一种新变种501.V2在南非被发现。在美国、日本、印度和巴西等国，变种B.1.1.7的传播速度远比原始毒株快得多。新冠病毒的新突变使得研发一种通用且有效的疫苗变得更加困难。新冠病毒的刺突蛋白（S蛋白）有助于受体识别和膜融合，是利用其信使核糖核酸（mRNA）或灭活病毒进行疫苗研发的主要靶点。目前，每隔几天就会检测到新的传染性更强的新冠病毒变种，从新冠病毒阿尔法变种（B.1.1.7）、贝塔变种（B.1.351）、德尔塔变种（B.1.617.2）、德尔塔plus变种、伽马变种（P.1），到现在的拉姆达变种。拉姆达变种首先在秘鲁被检测到，已传播至包括英国在内的近27个国家，占新增感染病例的82%。这些变种即使对已完全接种疫苗的个体也构成了新挑战，对公共卫生也是一项挑战。因此，有必要尽早审查当前的治疗和疫苗接种指南及策略。通过报告所有新的新冠病毒变种及其对几种现有疫苗的反应效果，我们希望引起医疗服务提供者以及包括世界卫生组织在内的所有发达国家医疗机构的关注，以便制定新的疫苗接种指南，并通过尽早向贫穷国家提供疫苗，立即采取干预措施，控制第三世界国家新冠病毒新变种的发展。
