Jiang Yao, Wu Qian, Song Peipei, You Chongge
Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Jan 18;8:806641. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.806641. eCollection 2021.
Over the past 2 years, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rapidly spread worldwide. In the process of evolution, new mutations of SARS-CoV-2 began to appear to be more adaptable to the diverse changes of various cellular environments and hosts. Generally, the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are characterized by high infectivity, augmented virulence, and fast transmissibility, posing a serious threat to the prevention and control of the global epidemic. At present, there is a paucity of effective measurements to cure COVID-19. It is extremely crucial to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants to enhance individual immunity, but it is not yet known whether they are approved by the authority. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the main characteristics of the emerging various variants of SARS-CoV-2, including their distribution, mutations, transmissibility, severity, and susceptibility to immune responses, especially the Delta variant and the new emerging Omicron variant. Furthermore, we overviewed the suitable crowd, the efficacy, and adverse events (AEs) of current vaccines.
在过去两年中，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发了2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）并在全球迅速传播。在进化过程中，SARS-CoV-2开始出现新的突变，似乎更能适应各种细胞环境和宿主的多样变化。一般来说，新出现的SARS-CoV-2变体具有高传染性、更强的毒力和快速传播性，对全球疫情防控构成严重威胁。目前，治疗COVID-19的有效措施匮乏。研发针对SARS-CoV-2及其新出现变体的疫苗以增强个体免疫力极其关键，但这些疫苗是否获得当局批准尚不清楚。因此，我们系统回顾了SARS-CoV-2新出现的各种变体的主要特征，包括它们的分布、突变、传播性、严重性以及对免疫反应的敏感性，特别是德尔塔变体和新出现的奥密克戎变体。此外，我们概述了当前疫苗的适用人群、疗效和不良事件（AE）。
