Junior Researcher, Fluorescent Bio-imaging Laboratory, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
Deputy Director for Science, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of Fluorescent Bio-imaging Laboratory, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
Sovrem Tekhnologii Med. 2021;12(4):91-102. doi: 10.17691/stm2020.12.4.11. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
Drug therapy is still one of the basic techniques used to treat cancers of different etiology. However, tumor resistance to drugs is a pressing problem limiting drug treatment efficacy. It is obvious for both modern fundamental and clinical oncology that there is the need for an individual approach to treating cancer taking into account the biological properties of a tumor when prescribing chemo- and targeted therapy. One of the promising strategies is to increase the antitumor therapy efficacy by developing predictive tests, which enable to evaluate the sensitivity of a particular tumor to a specific drug or a drug combination before the treatment initiation and, thus, make individual therapy selection possible. The present review considers the main approaches to drug sensitivity assessment of patients' tumors: molecular genetic profiling of tumor cells, and direct efficiency testing of the drugs on tumor cells isolated from surgical or biopsy material. There were analyzed the key directions in research and clinical studies such as: the search for predictive molecular markers, the development of methods to maintain tumor cells or tissue sections viable, i.e. in a condition maximum close to their physiological state, the development of high throughput systems to assess therapy efficiency. Special attention was given to a patient-centered approach to drug therapy in colorectal cancer.
药物治疗仍然是治疗不同病因癌症的基本技术之一。然而，肿瘤对药物的耐药性是限制药物治疗效果的一个紧迫问题。对于现代基础和临床肿瘤学来说，显然需要根据肿瘤的生物学特性，在开具化疗和靶向治疗药物时采取个体化的治疗方法。一个有前途的策略是通过开发预测性测试来提高抗肿瘤治疗的疗效，这些测试可以在治疗开始前评估特定肿瘤对特定药物或药物组合的敏感性，从而实现个体化治疗选择。本综述考虑了评估患者肿瘤药物敏感性的主要方法：肿瘤细胞的分子遗传学分析，以及从手术或活检材料中分离的肿瘤细胞对药物的直接效率测试。分析了研究和临床研究中的关键方向，如：寻找预测性分子标志物，开发保持肿瘤细胞或组织切片存活的方法，即在尽可能接近其生理状态的条件下，开发高通量系统来评估治疗效果。特别关注结直肠癌的以患者为中心的药物治疗方法。
