Xu Jinyi, Zuo Chengguo
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Nov 2;8:745035. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.745035. eCollection 2021.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a growing risk factor for public health worldwide. It is a very common disease and is widely known for its susceptibility to multiple complications which do great harm to the life and health of patients, some even lead to death. To date, there are many mechanisms for the complications of diabetes, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the abnormal changes of gas transmitters, which ultimately lead to injuries of cells, tissues and organs. Normally, even if injured, the body can quickly repair and maintain its homeostasis. This is closely associated with the repair and regeneration ability of stem cells. However, many studies have demonstrated that stem cells happen to be damaged under DM, which may be a nonnegligible factor in the occurrence and progression of diabetic complications. Therefore, this review summarizes how diabetes causes the corresponding complications by affecting stem cells from two aspects: stem cells dysfunctions and stem cells quantity alteration. In addition, since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), especially bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), have the advantages of strong differentiation ability, large quantity and wide application, we mainly focus on the impact of diabetes on them. The review also puts forward the basis of using exogenous stem cells to treat diabetic complications. It is hoped that through this review, researchers can have a clearer understanding of the roles of stem cells in diabetic complications, thus promoting the process of using stem cells to treat diabetic complications.
糖尿病（DM）正成为全球公共卫生领域日益严重的风险因素。它是一种非常常见的疾病，因其易引发多种并发症而广为人知，这些并发症对患者的生命和健康造成极大危害，有些甚至导致死亡。迄今为止，糖尿病并发症的发生机制众多，包括活性氧（ROS）的产生以及气体递质的异常变化，最终导致细胞、组织和器官受损。正常情况下，即使身体受到损伤，也能迅速修复并维持其体内平衡。这与干细胞的修复和再生能力密切相关。然而，许多研究表明，在糖尿病状态下干细胞恰好会受到损伤，这可能是糖尿病并发症发生和发展中一个不可忽视的因素。因此，本综述从干细胞功能障碍和干细胞数量改变两个方面总结了糖尿病如何通过影响干细胞导致相应并发症。此外，由于间充质干细胞（MSCs），尤其是骨髓间充质干细胞（BMMSCs）具有分化能力强、数量多和应用广泛等优点，我们主要关注糖尿病对它们的影响。本综述还提出了使用外源性干细胞治疗糖尿病并发症的依据。希望通过本综述，研究人员能够更清楚地了解干细胞在糖尿病并发症中的作用，从而推动利用干细胞治疗糖尿病并发症的进程。
