Sears-Greer Mackenzie A, Friehart Bridget K, Meston Cindy M
University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, Austin, TX, USA.
University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, Austin, TX, USA.
Sex Med Rev. 2022 Oct;10(4):543-553. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.06.006. Epub 2022 Aug 25.
Sexual violence (SV) has been a prevalent issue on college campuses for decades. Researchers, universities, and legislators have tried to understand and prevent it. Despite these efforts, 25% of female and 6% of male undergraduate students will experience a nonconsensual sexual experience (NSE) as a student. An immense amount of research has been conducted on the prevalence, effects, resources for, and outcomes of SV over the last few decades.
The current paper aims to compile and summarize the extant literature on undergraduate student disclosures of sexual violence. The objective is to provide a comprehensive review of the research.
A literature search was performed using the terms sexual violence, NSE, undergraduate students, informal and formal reporting, and disclosure.
Disclosure patterns and outcomes for survivors vary widely based on individual factors including type of disclosure source (ie, informal or formal reporting), disclosure recipient response, previous history of NSEs, and personal identity (ie, gender identity, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity). Though there are many formal resources (ie, police, Title IX), the majority of survivors report to informal sources (ie, family or friends). In addition to researching survivors' experiences and rates of disclosures, research also evaluates how disclosure recipients perceive their response to a survivor's disclosure, their likelihood of receiving a disclosure based on their own individual identities, and how the disclosure impacts the recipient and their relationship with the survivor.
The individualized response and decision to report SV has made prevention and the creation of effective resources difficult. As there are so many individual factors to consider when evaluating how or whether a NSE will be disclosed, future research should consider these individual differences and use them to create more effective reporting sources and resources. Sears-Greer MA, Friehart BK, Meston CM. A Review of Undergraduate Student Disclosures of Sexual Violence. Sex Med Rev 2022;10:543-553.
几十年来，性暴力一直是大学校园里普遍存在的问题。研究人员、大学和立法者都试图了解并预防它。尽管做出了这些努力，但仍有25%的本科女生和6%的本科男生在学生时期会经历非自愿性经历（NSE）。在过去几十年里，针对性暴力的发生率、影响、相关资源及结果开展了大量研究。
本文旨在汇编和总结关于本科学生披露性暴力情况的现有文献。目的是对该研究进行全面综述。
使用性暴力、非自愿性经历、本科学生、非正式和正式报告以及披露等术语进行文献检索。
幸存者的披露模式和结果因个体因素而有很大差异，这些因素包括披露来源类型（即非正式或正式报告）、披露接收者的反应、既往非自愿性经历史以及个人身份（即性别认同、性取向、种族/族裔）。尽管有许多正式资源（如警方、第九章），但大多数幸存者会向非正式来源（如家人或朋友）报告。除了研究幸存者的经历和披露率外，研究还评估披露接收者如何看待他们对幸存者披露的反应、基于自身身份接收披露的可能性，以及披露如何影响接收者及其与幸存者的关系。
报告性暴力的个性化反应和决定使得预防工作以及创建有效的资源变得困难。在评估非自愿性经历是否会被披露以及如何披露时，需要考虑如此多的个体因素，未来的研究应考虑这些个体差异，并利用它们来创建更有效的报告来源和资源。西尔斯 - 格里尔MA、弗里哈特BK、梅斯顿CM。本科学生性暴力披露情况综述。性医学评论2022；10：543 - 553。
