Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Semin Immunol. 2021 Mar;53:101530. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101530. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
The intestinal tract is the target organ of most parasitic infections, including those by helminths and protozoa. These parasites elicit prototypical type 2 immune activation in the host's immune system with striking impact on the local tissue microenvironment. Despite local containment of these parasites within the intestinal tract, parasitic infections also mediate immune adaptation in peripheral organs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how such gut-tissue axes influence important immune-mediated resistance and disease tolerance in the context of coinfections, and elaborate on the implications of parasite-regulated gut-lung and gut-brain axes on the development and severity of airway inflammation and central nervous system diseases.
肠道是大多数寄生虫感染的靶器官，包括蠕虫和原生动物感染。这些寄生虫在宿主免疫系统中引发典型的 2 型免疫激活，对局部组织微环境产生显著影响。尽管这些寄生虫在肠道内得到局部控制，但寄生虫感染也介导了外周器官的免疫适应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于这些肠道-组织轴如何影响共生感染中重要的免疫介导的抵抗和疾病耐受性的知识，并详细阐述了寄生虫调节的肠-肺和肠-脑轴对气道炎症和中枢神经系统疾病的发展和严重程度的影响。
