College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'An Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'An Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
J Vet Med Sci. 2022 Jan 13;84(1):102-113. doi: 10.1292/jvms.21-0199. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
Among many of the pathogens, virus is the main cause of diseases in livestock and poultry. A host infected with the virus triggers a series of innate and adaptive immunity. The realization of innate immune responses involves the participation of a series of protein molecules in host cells, including receptors, signal molecules and antiviral molecules. Post-translational modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin regulates numerous cellular processes, including innate immune responses. Ubiquitin-mediated control over these processes can be reversed by cellular or viral deubiquitinases (DUBs). DUBs have now been identified in diverse viral lineages, and their characterization is providing valuable insights into virus biology and the role of the ubiquitin system in host antiviral mechanisms. In this review, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, present antiviral innate immune response and its regulation by ubiquitin, and summarize the prevalence of DUBs encoded by viruses (Arteriviridae, Asfarviridae, Nairoviridae, Coronaviridae, Herpesviridae, and Picornaviridae) infecting domestic animals and poultry. It is found that these DUBs suppress the innate immune responses mainly by affecting the production of type I interferon (IFN), which causes immune evasion of the viruses and promotes their replication. These findings have important reference significance for understanding the virulence and immune evasion mechanisms of the relevant viruses, and thus for the development of more effective prevention and treatment measures.
在众多病原体中，病毒是导致畜禽疾病的主要原因。宿主感染病毒会引发一系列先天和适应性免疫反应。先天免疫反应的实现涉及宿主细胞中一系列蛋白质分子的参与，包括受体、信号分子和抗病毒分子。泛素对细胞蛋白的翻译后修饰调节着许多细胞过程，包括先天免疫反应。泛素介导的这些过程的调控可以被细胞或病毒去泛素化酶（DUBs）逆转。DUBs 现已在多种病毒谱系中被鉴定出来，它们的特征为研究病毒生物学和泛素系统在宿主抗病毒机制中的作用提供了有价值的见解。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了泛素化和去泛素化的机制，介绍了抗病毒先天免疫反应及其受泛素的调节，并总结了感染家畜和家禽的病毒（动脉炎病毒科、非洲猪瘟病毒科、纳罗病毒科、冠状病毒科、疱疹病毒科和小核糖核酸病毒科）编码的 DUBs 的流行情况。研究发现，这些 DUBs 主要通过影响 I 型干扰素（IFN）的产生来抑制先天免疫反应，从而导致病毒的免疫逃避并促进其复制。这些发现对于理解相关病毒的毒力和免疫逃避机制具有重要的参考意义，从而为开发更有效的预防和治疗措施提供了依据。
