Kamphuis Wim, Delahaij Roos, de Vries Thomas A
Department of Human Behaviour and Training, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands.
Department of Human Resource Management & Organisational Behaviour, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2021 Nov 4;12:711981. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711981. eCollection 2021.
Coping with stress has been primarily investigated as an individual-level phenomenon. In work settings, however, an individual's exposure to demands is often shared with co-workers, and the process of dealing with these demands takes place in the interaction with them. Coping, therefore, may be conceptualized as a multilevel construct. This paper introduces the team coping concept and shows that including coping as a higher-level team property may help explain individual-level outcomes. Specifically, we investigated the effects of exposure to danger during deployment on burnout symptoms in military service members and examined to what extent this relationship was moderated by individual-level and team-level functional coping. We hypothesized that the relationship between individuals' exposure to danger and burnout is contingent on both. In line with our predictions, we found that service members who were highly exposed to danger, and did not engage in much functional coping, suffered most from burnout symptoms, but only when their teammates did not engage in much functional coping either. When their teammates did engage in much functional coping, the effect of exposure to danger on burnout was buffered. Hence, team members' coping efforts functioned as a resilience resource for these service members.
应对压力主要被作为一种个体层面的现象进行研究。然而，在工作环境中，个体所面临的需求往往是与同事共同面对的，并且应对这些需求的过程是在与同事的互动中发生的。因此，应对可以被概念化为一个多层次的结构。本文引入了团队应对的概念，并表明将应对作为一种更高层次的团队属性可能有助于解释个体层面的结果。具体而言，我们研究了部署期间接触危险对军人倦怠症状的影响，并考察了个体层面和团队层面的功能性应对在多大程度上调节了这种关系。我们假设个体接触危险与倦怠之间的关系取决于两者。与我们的预测一致，我们发现，那些高度接触危险且没有进行太多功能性应对的军人，倦怠症状最为严重，但前提是他们的队友也没有进行太多功能性应对。当他们的队友进行了大量功能性应对时，接触危险对倦怠的影响就会得到缓冲。因此，团队成员的应对努力对这些军人起到了恢复力资源的作用。
