Chirico Francesco
Servizio Sanitario della Polizia di Stato, Ministero dell'Interno, Rome, Italy.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2016 Jul-Sep;52(3):443-456. doi: 10.4415/ANN_16_03_17.
In Europe, the Council Directive 89/391 for improvement of workers' safety and health has emphasized the importance of addressing all occupational risk factors, and hence also psychosocial and organizational risk factors. Nevertheless, the construct of "work-related stress" elaborated from EU-OSHA is not totally corresponding with the "psychosocial" risk, that is a broader category of risk, comprising various and different psychosocial risk factors. The term "burnout", without any binding definition, tries to integrate symptoms as well as cause of the burnout process. In Europe, the most important methods developed for the work related stress risk assessment are based on the Cox's transactional model of job stress. Nevertheless, there are more specific models for predicting burnout syndrome. This literature review provides an overview of job burnout, highlighting the most important models of job burnout, such as the Job Strain, the Effort/Reward Imbalance and the Job Demands-Resources models. The difference between these models and the Cox's model of job stress is explored.
在欧洲，旨在改善工人安全与健康状况的理事会指令89/391强调了应对所有职业风险因素的重要性，因此也包括心理社会和组织风险因素。然而，欧盟职业安全与健康局（EU-OSHA）所阐述的“工作相关压力”这一概念与“心理社会”风险并不完全对应，后者是一个更广泛的风险类别，包含各种不同的心理社会风险因素。“倦怠”一词没有任何具有约束力的定义，它试图整合倦怠过程的症状及成因。在欧洲，为工作相关压力风险评估所开发的最重要方法是基于考克斯的工作压力交互模型。然而，也有更具体的预测倦怠综合征的模型。这篇文献综述概述了职业倦怠，重点介绍了职业倦怠的最重要模型，如工作压力、努力/回报失衡和工作要求-资源模型。探讨了这些模型与考克斯工作压力模型之间的差异。
