Mullins Ewen, Bresson Jean-Louis, Dalmay Tamas, Dewhurst Ian Crawford, Epstein Michelle M, Firbank Leslie George, Guerche Philippe, Hejatko Jan, Moreno Francisco Javier, Naegeli Hanspeter, Nogué Fabien, Sánchez Serrano Jose Juan, Savoini Giovanni, Veromann Eve, Veronesi Fabio, Casacuberta Josep, Lenzi Paolo, Munoz Guajardo Irene, Raffaello Tommaso, Rostoks Nils
EFSA J. 2021 Nov 11;19(11):e06611. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6611. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Mutations are changes in the genetic material that may be transmitted to subsequent generations. Mutations appear spontaneously in nature and are one of the underlying driving forces of evolution. In plants, and random mutagenesis relies on the application of physical and chemical mutagens to increase the frequency of mutations thus accelerating the selection of varieties with important agronomic traits. The European Commission has requested EFSA to provide a more detailed description of and random mutagenesis techniques and the types of mutations and mechanisms involved, to be able to conclude on whether and random mutagenesis techniques are to be considered different techniques. To address the European Commission request, a literature search was conducted to collect information on the random mutagenesis techniques used in plants both and , on the type of mutations generated by such techniques and on the molecular mechanisms underlying formation of those mutations. The GMO Panel concludes that most physical and chemical mutagenesis techniques have been applied both and ; the mutation process and the repair mechanisms act at cellular level and thus there is no difference between application of the mutagen or ; and the type of mutations induced by a specific mutagen are expected to be the same, regardless of whether such mutagen is applied or . Indeed, the same mutation and the derived trait in a given plant species can be potentially obtained using both and random mutagenesis and the resulting mutants would be indistinguishable. Therefore, the GMO Panel concludes that the distinction between plants obtained by or approaches is not justified.
突变是遗传物质的改变，可能会传递给后代。突变在自然界中自发出现，是进化的潜在驱动力之一。在植物中，随机诱变依靠物理和化学诱变剂的应用来提高突变频率，从而加速对具有重要农艺性状品种的筛选。欧盟委员会要求欧洲食品安全局提供关于随机诱变技术以及所涉及的突变类型和机制的更详细描述，以便能够确定随机诱变技术是否应被视为不同的技术。为回应欧盟委员会的要求，开展了文献检索，以收集关于植物中使用的随机诱变技术、此类技术产生的突变类型以及这些突变形成的分子机制的信息。转基因生物小组得出结论：大多数物理和化学诱变技术在植物中都有应用；突变过程和修复机制在细胞水平起作用，因此诱变剂的应用方式并无差异；特定诱变剂诱导的突变类型预计相同，无论该诱变剂是如何应用的。实际上，使用这两种随机诱变方法都有可能在给定植物物种中获得相同的突变和衍生性状，且产生的突变体无法区分。因此，转基因生物小组得出结论，通过这两种方法获得的植物之间的区分是不合理的。
