Chatterjee Nimrat, Walker Graham C
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2017 Jun;58(5):235-263. doi: 10.1002/em.22087. Epub 2017 May 9.
Living organisms are continuously exposed to a myriad of DNA damaging agents that can impact health and modulate disease-states. However, robust DNA repair and damage-bypass mechanisms faithfully protect the DNA by either removing or tolerating the damage to ensure an overall survival. Deviations in this fine-tuning are known to destabilize cellular metabolic homeostasis, as exemplified in diverse cancers where disruption or deregulation of DNA repair pathways results in genome instability. Because routinely used biological, physical and chemical agents impact human health, testing their genotoxicity and regulating their use have become important. In this introductory review, we will delineate mechanisms of DNA damage and the counteracting repair/tolerance pathways to provide insights into the molecular basis of genotoxicity in cells that lays the foundation for subsequent articles in this issue. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:235-263, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
生物体不断暴露于无数会损害DNA的因素中，这些因素会影响健康并调节疾病状态。然而，强大的DNA修复和损伤旁路机制通过去除或耐受损伤来忠实地保护DNA，以确保整体存活。已知这种微调过程中的偏差会破坏细胞代谢稳态，各种癌症就是例证，其中DNA修复途径的破坏或失调会导致基因组不稳定。由于常规使用的生物、物理和化学制剂会影响人类健康，因此检测它们的遗传毒性并规范其使用变得至关重要。在这篇综述引言中，我们将阐述DNA损伤的机制以及相应的修复/耐受途径，以深入了解细胞遗传毒性的分子基础，为本期后续文章奠定基础。《环境与分子突变》，2017年，第58卷，第235 - 263页。© 2017威利期刊公司
